Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini

subtribe CONTRADENTINA Modell, 1942: cladomics

6 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 35 (35 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 6
analyzed in 79 cladograms in 50 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 31 (mean = 6.43, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.62, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 70
maximum number of included terminals = 31, (mean = 7.13 median = 4.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.83, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.99

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 62
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 31 (mean = 6.69, median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.92, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.98

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Contradentina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Contradentina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 ** 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Solenaia **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 24 7 2 6.0 
  +-------------- Ctenodesmina
--+                           
  |  +----------- Rectidentina
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Physunio **    
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Trapezoideus **
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Lens **        
           +--+               
              +-- Yaukthwa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Solenaia **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 15 15 13 5 14 13 1 10.0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Solenaia **    
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 14 14 12 4 17 12 2 15.0 
           +-- Ctenodesmina
  +--------+               
  |        +-- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 6.0 
  +----------------------- Hyriopsis_bialata  
  |                                           
--+                    +-- Rectidens          
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 +-- Ctenodesmina       
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------------- Ensidens           
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
           |  |                               
           +--+  +-------- Trapezoideus **       
              |  |                            
              +--+     +-- Physunio **           
                 |  +--+                      
                 |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 7 7 1 4 29 6 2 6.0 
  +----- Ensidens           
  |                         
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
  |                         
  +----- Rectidens          
  |                         
  +----- Hyriopsis_bialata  
--+                         
  +----- Ctenodesmina       
  |                         
  |  +-- Physunio **           
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Trapezoideus **       
     |                      
     +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     |                      
     +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 4 37 10 2 5.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 31 31 30 4 602 22 2 31.0 
  +----------------------- Khairuloconcha     
  |                                           
--+  +-------------------- Ctenodesma         
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +----------------- Rectidentina       
     |  |                                     
     |  |              +-- Physunio_modelli **   
     +--+  +-----------+                      
        |  |           +-- Physunio_pellucidus **
        |  |                                  
        +--+           +-- Physunio_massini **   
           |  +--------+                      
           |  |        +-- Physunio_superbus **  
           +--+                               
              |  +-------- Physunio **           
              +--+                            
                 |  +----- Trapezoideus **       
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Yaukthwa **           
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Lens **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 16 16 14 4 35 11 1 17.0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Physunio **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 19 19 17 4 15 12 1 18.0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Lens **        
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 23 23 21 4 94 12 1 20.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 23 23 21 4 88 12 1 22.0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 10 10 8 4 11 11 1 8.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 19 19 17 4 63 16 1 17.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Physunio **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 56 6 2 4.0 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Rectidentina
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Physunio **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Trapezoideus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 127 11 1 12.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 11 11 9 3 128 11 1 13.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 113 11 1 12.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.375 10 10 0 3 72 8 1 11.0 
  +----- Rectidentina       
  |                         
  |  +-- Lens_eximius **       
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
  |  |                      
--+  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni ** 
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lens_comptus **       
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Lens_novoselovi **    
     |                      
     +-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
     |                      
     +-- Physunio **           
     |                      
     +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
     |                      
     +-- Lens_contradens **    
     |                      
     +-- Lens_micropterus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 5.0 
  +----- Rectidentina
  |                  
--+  +-- Physunio **    
  |  |               
  +--+-- Trapezoideus **
     |               
     +-- Lens **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 189 11 1 12.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 187 11 1 12.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.778 12 12 7 3 189 11 1 13.0 
  +----- Rectidentina     
  |                       
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
--+  |                    
  |  +-- Physunio **         
  |  |                    
  +--+-- Physunio_superbus **
     |                    
     +-- Yaukthwa **         
     |                    
     +-- Lens **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 5 0 3 119 2 1 7.0 
                       +-- Lens **             
                       |                    
                       +-- Ensidens         
                       |                    
  +--------------------+-- Physunio **         
  |                    |                    
  |                    +-- Rectidens        
  |                    |                    
  |                    +-- Yaukthwa **         
  |                                         
  |                    +-- Amblema          
  |                    |                    
--+                    +-- Elliptio         
  |  +-----------------+                    
  |  |                 +-- Lampsilis        
  |  |                 |                    
  |  |                 +-- Quadrulina       
  |  |                                      
  |  |                 +-- Chamberlainia    
  |  |           +-----+                    
  +--+           |     +-- Sinohyriopsis    
     |  +--------+                          
     |  |        |  +----- Pronodularia     
     |  |        +--+                       
     |  |           |  +-- Potomida         
     |  |           +--+                    
     |  |              +-- Lamprotula       
     +--+                                   
        |              +-- Indopseudodontina
        |  +-----------+                    
        |  |           +-- Pseudodontina    
        |  |                                
        |  |     +-------- Sinosolenaia     
        +--+  +--+                          
           |  |  |  +----- Gonidea          
           |  |  +--+                       
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia       
           +--+     +--+                    
              |        +-- Microcondylaea   
              |                             
              |  +-------- Inversidens      
              |  |                          
              +--+     +-- Obovalis         
                 |  +--+                    
                 |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus   
                 +--+                       
                    |  +-- Parvasolenaia    
                    +--+                    
                       +-- Koreosolenaia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 31 3 1 2.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 32 3 1 2.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lens **        
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lens **        
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 7 3 0 0 0 8.0 
  +----- Yaukthwa **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 15 15 12 3 0 0 0 14.0 
  +----- Yaukthwa **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Trapezoideus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 43 4 2 4.0 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 44 4 2 4.0 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 45 4 2 4.0 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 37 1 1 5.5 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 4 4 2 2 77 7 1 5.0 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 28 1 1 5.5 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 11 2 3 1 1 18.0 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 25 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 85 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 83 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 138 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 8 2 0 0 0 12.0 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Lens **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 9 9 7 2 0 0 0 10.0 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Yaukthwa **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 37 0 0 13.0 
     +-- Pseudodontina    
  +--+                    
  |  +-- Indopseudodontina
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus **     
  +--+                    
     +-- Yaukthwa **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Lens **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Lens **         
  |                            
--+           +-- Unionina     
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Gonidea      
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lampsilis    
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Obliquaria   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Eurynia      
           +--+                
              +-- Amblema

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------------- Coelatura     
  |                                            
  +----------------------------- Lens **          
  |                                            
  |                          +-- Unionina      
--+--------------------------+                 
  |                          +-- Alasmidontina 
  |                                            
  |  +-------------------------- Gonidea       
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulina    
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +-------------------- Amblema       
        |  |                                   
        |  |              +----- Eurynia       
        +--+  +-----------+                    
           |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia     
           |  |           +--+                 
           |  |              +-- Pleurobema    
           +--+                                
              |  +-------------- Obliquaria    
              |  |                             
              |  +-------------- Truncilla     
              +--+                             
                 +-------------- Ptychobranchus
                 |                             
                 |  +----------- Ligumia       
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-------- Cambarunio    
                    +--+                       
                       |  +----- Epioblasma    
                       +--+                    
                          |  +-- Lampsilis     
                          +--+                 
                             +-- Ortmanniana

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
  +-------------------------- Lens **          
  |                                         
  |                       +-- Gonidea       
  |  +--------------------+                 
--+  |                    +-- Pseudodontina 
  |  |                                      
  |  |           +----------- Amblema       
  |  |           |                          
  +--+  +--------+        +-- Obliquaria    
     |  |        |  +-----+                 
     |  |        |  |     +-- Quadrulina    
     |  |        +--+                       
     |  |           |  +----- Eurynia       
     +--+           +--+                    
        |              |  +-- Pleurobema    
        |              +--+                 
        |                 +-- Fusconaia     
        |                                   
        |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus
        +--+                                
           |  +-------------- Truncilla     
           +--+                             
              |  +----------- Ortmanniana   
              +--+                          
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis     
                 +--+                       
                    |  +----- Cambarunio    
                    +--+                    
                       |  +-- Ligumia       
                       +--+                 
                          +-- Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------------- Lens **          
  |                                            
  |                          +-- Unionina      
--+  +-----------------------+                 
  |  |                       +-- Alasmidontina 
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------------- Gonidea       
     |  |                                      
     |  |                    +-- Obliquaria    
     |  |                 +--+                 
     +--+                 |  +-- Quadrulina    
        |  +--------------+                    
        |  |              |  +-- Eurynia       
        |  |              |  |                 
        |  |              +--+-- Pleurobema    
        +--+                 |                 
           |                 +-- Fusconaia     
           |                                   
           |  +----------------- Ptychobranchus
           +--+                                
              |  +-------------- Truncilla     
              +--+                             
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana   
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-------- Lampsilis     
                    +--+                       
                       |  +----- Cambarunio    
                       +--+                    
                          |  +-- Ligumia       
                          +--+                 
                             +-- Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
  +-------------------- Lens **          
  |                                   
  |                 +-- Unionina      
--+  +--------------+                 
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina 
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------------- Gonidea       
     |  |                             
     |  |           +-- Obliquaria    
     +--+  +--------+                 
        |  |        +-- Quadrulina    
        |  |                          
        |  |  +-------- Amblema       
        +--+  |                       
           |  |  +----- Eurynia       
           |  +--+                    
           |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema    
           +--+  +--+                 
              |     +-- Fusconaia     
              |                       
              |  +----- Truncilla     
              |  |                    
              |  +----- Ptychobranchus
              +--+                    
                 |  +-- Ortmanniana   
                 |  |                 
                 |  +-- Cambarunio    
                 +--+                 
                    +-- Ligumia       
                    |                 
                    +-- Epioblasma

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudodontina
--+                
  +-- Lens **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------- Lens **         
  |                                     
--+  +-------------------- Pseudodontina
  |  |                                  
  +--+                 +-- Alasmidontina
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Unionina     
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Gonidea      
        |  |                            
        +--+           +-- Pronodularia 
           |  +--------+                
           |  |        +-- Potomida     
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Quadrulina   
              |  |                      
              +--+-------- Pleurobema   
                 |                      
                 |  +----- Amblema      
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Lampsilis    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Truncilla

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Physunio **    
--+                     
  |  +----- Pronodularia
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Potomida    
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotula

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 13 0 0 9.0 
  +----------- Yaukthwa **    
  |                        
--+  +-------- Leoparreysia
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Nitia       
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Coelatura   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Indochinella
        +--+               
           +-- Radiatula

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Lens **      
--+             
  +-- Lamprotula