Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Limnoscaphini

subtribe CONTRADENTINA Modell, 1942: cladomics

6 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 35 (35 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 6
analyzed in 79 cladograms in 50 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 31 (mean = 6.43, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.62, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 70
maximum number of included terminals = 31, (mean = 7.13 median = 4.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.83, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.99

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 62
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 31 (mean = 6.69, median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.92, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.98

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Contradentina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Contradentina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 **
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens Solenaia

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 4 24 7 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens Solenaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 15 15 13 5 14 13 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Solenaia Lens

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 14 14 12 4 17 12 2 15.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Yaukthwa Trapezoideus Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram Hyriopsis bialata Rectidens CTENODESMINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Yaukthwa elongatula Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa inlenensis Yaukthwa paiensis Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 7 7 1 4 29 6 2 6.0
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis bialata CTENODESMINA Physunio Yaukthwa paiensis Yaukthwa inlenensis Trapezoideus Yaukthwa elongatula Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 8 8 6 4 37 10 2 5.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.769 31 31 30 4 602 22 2 31.0
Cladomics cladogram Khairuloconcha Ctenodesma LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio modelli Physunio pellucidus Physunio massini Physunio superbus Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 16 16 14 4 35 11 1 17.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Yaukthwa Physunio Trapezoideus Lens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 19 19 17 4 15 12 1 18.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Yaukthwa Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 23 23 21 4 94 12 1 20.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 23 23 21 4 88 12 1 22.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 10 10 8 4 11 11 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 19 19 17 4 63 16 1 17.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 56 6 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens Trapezoideus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 12 12 10 3 127 11 1 12.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 9 3 128 11 1 13.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 12 12 10 3 113 11 1 12.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.375 10 10 0 3 72 8 1 11.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens eximius Physunio modelli 1 Yaukthwa nesemanni Yaukthwa panhai Lens comptus Lens novoselovi Physunio modelli 2 Physunio Yaukthwa inlenensis Lens contradens Lens micropterus

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 5.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 12 12 10 3 189 11 1 12.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 12 12 10 3 187 11 1 12.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.778 12 12 7 3 189 11 1 13.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio modelli Physunio Physunio superbus Yaukthwa Lens

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 3 5 0 3 119 2 1 7.0
Cladomics cladogram Lens Ensidens Physunio Rectidens Yaukthwa Amblema Elliptio Lampsilis QUADRULINA Chamberlainia Sinohyriopsis Pronodularia Potomida Lamprotula INDOPSEUDODONTINA PSEUDODONTINA Sinosolenaia Gonidea Leguminaia Microcondylaea Inversidens Obovalis Ptychorhynchus Parvasolenaia Koreosolenaia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 31 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 32 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 8 8 7 3 0 0 0 8.0
Cladomics cladogram Yaukthwa Trapezoideus Physunio

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 15 15 12 3 0 0 0 14.0
Cladomics cladogram Yaukthwa Physunio Trapezoideus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 43 4 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 44 4 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 45 4 2 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 37 1 1 5.5
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 4 4 2 2 77 7 1 5.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 28 1 1 5.5
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 11 2 3 1 1 18.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Physunio Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 25 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 85 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 83 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 138 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram LIMNOSCAPHINA Lens Physunio

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 11 11 8 2 0 0 0 12.0
Cladomics cladogram Solenaia Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 9 9 7 2 0 0 0 10.0
Cladomics cladogram Solenaia Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 12 12 10 2 37 0 0 13.0
Cladomics cladogram PSEUDODONTINA INDOPSEUDODONTINA Trapezoideus Yaukthwa

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0
Cladomics cladogram Solenaia Lens

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0
Cladomics cladogram Solenaia Lens

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Lampsilis Obliquaria Eurynia Amblema

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Coelatura Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea QUADRULINA Amblema Eurynia Fusconaia Pleurobema Obliquaria Truncilla Ptychobranchus Ligumia Cambarunio Epioblasma Lampsilis Ortmanniana

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens Gonidea PSEUDODONTINA Amblema Obliquaria QUADRULINA Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Ptychobranchus Truncilla Ortmanniana Lampsilis Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Obliquaria QUADRULINA Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Ptychobranchus Truncilla Ortmanniana Lampsilis Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Obliquaria QUADRULINA Amblema Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Truncilla Ptychobranchus Ortmanniana Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram PSEUDODONTINA Lens

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens PSEUDODONTINA ALASMIDONTINA UNIONINA Gonidea Pronodularia Potomida QUADRULINA Pleurobema Amblema Lampsilis Truncilla

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Physunio Pronodularia Potomida Lamprotula

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 1 13 0 0 9.0
Cladomics cladogram Yaukthwa Leoparreysia Nitia Coelatura Indochinella Radiatula

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
Cladomics cladogram Lens Lamprotula