Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini

subtribe CONTRADENTINA Modell, 1942: cladomics

6 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 35 (35 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 6
analyzed in 72 cladograms in 46 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 23 (mean = 6.32, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.65, median = 2.5)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 63
maximum number of included terminals = 23, (mean = 7.08 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.89, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.98

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 56
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 23 (mean = 6.68, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.98, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.98

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 5 14 13 1 0 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Solenaia **    
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 17 12 2 15 
           +-- Ctenodesmina
  +--------+               
  |        +-- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 4 95 12 1 16 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 4 89 12 1 18 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 4 64 16 1 11 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Physunio **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 4 15 12 1 14 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Lens **        
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Physunio **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 36 11 1 17 
  +----------- Rectidentina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Physunio **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Trapezoideus **
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 12 3 0 0 0 22 
  +----- Yaukthwa **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Trapezoideus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 113 11 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 7 3 189 11 1 18 
  +----- Rectidentina     
  |                       
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli ** 
--+  |                    
  |  +-- Physunio **         
  |  |                    
  +--+-- Physunio_superbus **
     |                    
     +-- Yaukthwa **         
     |                    
     +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Lens **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 189 11 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 127 11 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 37 0 0 23 
  +-- Trapezoideus **
--+               
  +-- Yaukthwa **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 187 11 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 128 11 1 17 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 2 0 0 0 11 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Lens **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 0 3 73 8 1 19 
  +----- Rectidentina       
  |                         
  |  +-- Lens_eximius **       
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Physunio_modelli__1 **
  |  |                      
--+  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni ** 
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lens_comptus **       
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Lens_novoselovi **    
     |                      
     +-- Physunio_modelli__2 **
     |                      
     +-- Physunio **           
     |                      
     +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
     |                      
     +-- Lens_contradens **    
     |                      
     +-- Lens_micropterus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 11 11 1 12 
  +-------- Rectidentina
  |                     
--+     +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 20 
  +-- Solenaia **
--+           
  +-- Yaukthwa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 3 0 0 0 12 
  +----- Yaukthwa **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 4 38 10 2 13 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Yaukthwa **    
        +--+               
           +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 30 6 2 14 
  +----------------------- Hyriopsis_bialata  
  |                                           
--+                    +-- Rectidens          
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 +-- Ctenodesmina       
  +--+                                        
     |  +----------------- Ensidens           
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
           |  |                               
           +--+  +-------- Trapezoideus **       
              |  |                            
              +--+     +-- Physunio **           
                 |  +--+                      
                 |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
                    +--+                      
                       +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 30 6 2 12 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 30 6 2 12 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 30 6 2 12 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 25 7 2 14 
  +-------------- Ctenodesmina
--+                           
  |  +----------- Rectidentina
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Physunio **    
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Trapezoideus **
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Lens **        
           +--+               
              +-- Yaukthwa **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 1 4 30 6 2 14 
  +----- Ensidens           
  |                         
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi
  |                         
  +----- Rectidens          
  |                         
  +----- Hyriopsis_bialata  
--+                         
  +----- Ctenodesmina       
  |                         
  |  +-- Physunio **           
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
  +--+                      
     +-- Trapezoideus **       
     |                      
     +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     |                      
     +-- Lens **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 30 6 2 12 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
  |                        
--+  +-------- Rectidentina
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Physunio **    
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Yaukthwa **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 11 2 3 1 1 16 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 52 3 1 10 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Solenaia **

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 13 0 0 19 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 52 3 1 10 
  +----------- Rectidentina
  |                        
--+        +-- Trapezoideus **
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Physunio **    
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Yaukthwa **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Solenaia **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 87 4 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lens **        
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 3 3 3 1 13 
  +----- Rectidentina
  |                  
--+  +-- Physunio **    
  |  |               
  +--+-- Trapezoideus **
     |               
     +-- Lens **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 87 4 1 14 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Physunio **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lens **        
     +--+               
        +-- Yaukthwa **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 76 7 1 13 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 57 6 2 14 
  +----------- Ctenodesmina
--+                        
  |  +-------- Rectidentina
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Physunio **    
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lens **        
        +--+               
           +-- Trapezoideus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 44 4 2 12 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 32 3 1 12 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 42 2 1 12 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 45 4 2 12 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 1 1 14 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 42 2 1 12 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 73 3 1 12 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 33 3 1 12 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 46 4 2 12 
  +-------- Ctenodesmina
--+                     
  |  +----- Rectidentina
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Physunio **    
     +--+               
        +-- Lens **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 0 3 119 2 1 16 
  +-- Lens **     
  |            
  +-- Ensidens 
  |            
--+-- Physunio ** 
  |            
  +-- Rectidens
  |            
  +-- Yaukthwa **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 73 3 1 12 
  +-------- Rectidentina
--+                     
  |  +----- Lens **        
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Trapezoideus **
     +--+               
        +-- Physunio **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 37 1 1 14 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 25 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 86 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 46 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 84 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 94 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 94 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 90 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Physunio **    
  +--+               
     +-- Lens **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 51 2 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentina
--+                  
  |  +-- Lens **        
  +--+               
     +-- Physunio **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Physunio **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
-- Lens_contradens **