Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily GONIDEINAE Ortmann, 1916: cladomics

8 genera, 6 tribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 176 (207 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 14
analyzed in 281 cladograms in 167 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 135 (mean = 11.74, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 7 (mean = 2.61, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 234
maximum number of included terminals = 135, (mean = 13.9 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 7 (mean = 2.93, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.8

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 159
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 135 (mean = 13.54, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 7 (mean = 3.36, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.72

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Gonideinae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Gonideinae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
135 582 651 7 497 432 3 0 
                                                           +-------------------------------- Lamellidens                   
                                                           |                                                               
                                                     +-----+                             +-- Balwantia                     
                                                     |     |  +--------------------------+                                 
                                                     |     |  |                          +-- Trapezidens                   
                                                     |     +--+                                                            
                                                     |        |  +-------------------------- Leoparreysiini                
                                                     |        |  |                                                         
                                                     |        +--+  +----------------------- Pseudomulleria                
                                                     |           |  |                                                      
                                                     |           |  |                    +-- Parreysiini                   
                                                     |           +--+  +-----------------+                                 
                                                     |              |  |                 +-- Coelaturini                   
                                                     |              |  |                                                   
                                                     |              +--+                 +-- Pseudoscabies                 
                                                     |                 |  +--------------+                                 
                                                     |                 |  |              +-- Indonaia                      
                                                     |                 +--+                                                
                                                     |                    |  +-------------- Indochinella                  
                                                     |                    |  |                                             
                                                     |                    +--+  +----------- Radiatula                     
  +--------------------------------------------------+                       |  |                                          
  |                                                  |                       +--+        +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__2 **
  |                                                  |                          |  +-----+                                 
  |                                                  |                          |  |     +-- Unionetta_fabagina__2         
  |                                                  |                          +--+                                       
  |                                                  |                             |  +----- Harmandia                     
  |                                                  |                             +--+                                    
  |                                                  |                                |  +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1         
  |                                                  |                                +--+                                 
  |                                                  |                                   +-- Scabies                       
  |                                                  |                                                                     
  |                                                  |                                +----- Amuranodonta                  
  |                                                  |  +-----------------------------+                                    
  |                                                  |  |                             |  +-- Anemina                       
  |                                                  |  |                             +--+                                 
  |                                                  |  |                                +-- Buldowskia                    
  |                                                  |  |                                                                  
  |                                                  |  |                                +-- Beringiana                    
  |                                                  |  |                          +-----+                                 
  |                                                  |  |                          |     +-- Pletholophus                  
  |                                                  +--+  +-----------------------+                                       
  |                                                     |  |                       |  +----- Mimo                          
  |                                                     |  |                       +--+                                    
  |                                                     |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta                      
  |                                                     |  |                          +--+                                 
  |                                                     |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta                   
  |                                                     |  |                                                               
  |                                                     |  |  +----------------------------- Cristaria                     
  |                                                     +--+  |                                                            
  |                                                        |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini                 
  |                                                        |  |           |                                                
  |                                                        |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini                 
  |                                                        |  |           |  +--+                                          
  |                                                        |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2  
  |                                                        |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                       
  |                                                        |  |  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2       
  |                                                        +--+  |        |  |     +--+                                    
  |                                                           |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1       
  |                                                           |  |           |        +--+                                 
  |                                                           |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1  
  |                                                           |  |           |                                             
  |                                                           |  |           |  +----------- Globunio                      
  |                                                           |  |           +--+                                          
  |                                                           |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina               
  |                                                           |  |              +--+                                       
  |                                                           +--+                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina            
  |                                                              |                 +--+                                    
  |                                                              |                    |  +-- Unionina                      
  |                                                              |                    +--+                                 
  |                                                              |                       +-- Oxynaiina                     
  |                                                              |                                                         
  |                                                              |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus              
--+                                                              |  +--------------+                                       
  |                                                              |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona                     
  |                                                              |  |              +--+                                    
  |                                                              |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna                     
  |                                                              |  |                 +--+                                 
  |                                                              +--+                    +-- Arcidens                      
  |                                                                 |                                                      
  |                                                                 |  +-------------------- Anodontina                    
  |                                                                 |  |                                                   
  |                                                                 |  |     +-------------- Utterbackia                   
  |                                                                 |  |  +--+                                             
  |                                                                 +--+  |  |  +----------- Pyganodon_grandis             
  |                                                                    |  |  +--+                                          
  |                                                                    |  |     |  +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris           
  |                                                                    |  |     +--+                                       
  |                                                                    |  |        |  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2        
  |                                                                    +--+        +--+                                    
  |                                                                       |           |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1        
  |                                                                       |           +--+                                 
  |                                                                       |              +-- Potamilus_fragilis__3         
  |                                                                       |                                                
  |                                                                       |  +-------------- Utterbackiana                 
  |                                                                       |  |                                             
  |                                                                       +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias                   
  |                                                                          |  |                                          
  |                                                                          |  |        +-- Alasminota                    
  |                                                                          +--+  +-----+                                 
  |                                                                             |  |     +-- Alasmidonta                   
  |                                                                             |  |                                       
  |                                                                             +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta                 
  |                                                                                |  +--+                                 
  |                                                                                |  |  +-- Platynaias                    
  |                                                                                +--+                                    
  |                                                                                   |  +-- Anodontoides                  
  |                                                                                   +--+                                 
  |                                                                                      +-- Strophitus                    
  |                                                                                                                        
  |  +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rectidentini **                  
  |  |                                                                                                                     
  |  |                                                                             +-------- Pseudunio                     
  |  |  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+                                       
  |  |  |                                                                          |  +----- Gibbosulinae                  
  |  |  |                                                                          +--+                                    
  |  |  |                                                                             |  +-- Cumberlandia                  
  |  |  |                                                                             +--+                                 
  |  |  |                                                                                +-- Margaritifera                 
  |  |  |                                                                                                                  
  |  |  |                                                              +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **               
  |  |  |                                                              |                                                   
  |  |  |                                                           +--+  +----------------- Parvasolenaia **                 
  |  |  |                                                           |  |  |                                                
  |  |  |                                                           |  +--+  +-------------- Pseudopostolata **               
  |  |  |                                                           |     |  |                                             
  +--+  |                                                           |     +--+  +----------- Koreosolenaia **                 
     |  |                                                           |        |  |                                          
     |  |                                                           |        +--+        +-- Cosmopseudodon **                
     |  |                                                           |           |  +-----+                                 
     |  |                                                           |           |  |     +-- Guiunio **                       
     |  |                                                           |           +--+                                       
     |  |                                                  +--------+              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus **                
     |  |                                                  |        |              +--+                                    
     |  |                                                  |        |                 |  +-- Obovalis **                      
     |  |                                                  |        |                 +--+                                 
     |  |                                                  |        |                    +-- Postolata **                     
     |  |                                                  |        |                                                      
     |  |                                                  |        |                    +-- Caudiculatus **                  
     |  |                                                  |        |     +--------------+                                 
     |  |                                                  |        |     |              +-- Lamprotulini **                  
     |  |                                                  |        |     |                                                
     |  |                                                  |        +-----+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **         
     +--+                                                  |              |  |                                             
        |                                                  |              |  |        +----- Gonidea **                       
        |                                                  |              +--+  +-----+                                    
        |  +-----------------------------------------------+                 |  |     |  +-- Microcondylaea **                
        |  |                                               |                 |  |     +--+                                 
        |  |                                               |                 +--+        +-- Leguminaia **                    
        |  |                                               |                    |                                          
        |  |                                               |                    |  +-------- Inversidens **                   
        |  |                                               |                    +--+                                       
        |  |                                               |                       |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **        
        |  |                                               |                       +--+                                    
        |  |                                               |                          |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **         
        |  |                                               |                          +--+                                 
        |  |                                               |                             +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **         
        |  |                                               |                                                               
        |  |                                               |  +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina **             
        |  |                                               |  |                                                            
        |  |                                               |  |                          +-- Lannanaia **                     
        |  |                                               +--+  +-----------------------+                                 
        |  |                                                  |  |                       +-- Pilsbryoconcha **                
        |  |                                                  |  |                                                         
        |  |                                                  |  |                    +----- Songkhlanaia_tamodienica **      
        |  |                                                  +--+  +-----------------+                                    
        |  |                                                     |  |                 |  +-- Songkhlanaia_moreleti **         
        |  |                                                     |  |                 +--+                                 
        |  |                                                     |  |                    +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__1 **
        |  |                                                     |  |                                                      
        |  |                                                     +--+                    +-- Nyeinchanconcha **               
        |  |                                                        |  +-----------------+                                 
        |  |                                                        |  |                 +-- Sundadontina **                  
        |  |                                                        |  |                                                   
        +--+                                                        |  |                 +-- Isannaia **                      
           |                                                        +--+              +--+                                 
           |                                                           |              |  +-- Namkongnaia **                   
           |                                                           |  +-----------+                                    
           |                                                           |  |           |  +-- Thaiconcha **                    
           |                                                           |  |           +--+                                 
           |                                                           +--+              +-- Bineurus **                      
           |                                                              |                                                
           |                                                              |  +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei **            
           |                                                              |  |                                             
           |                                                              +--+  +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus **             
           |                                                                 |  |                                          
           |                                                                 |  |     +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus **    
           |                                                                 +--+  +--+                                    
           |                                                                    |  |  |  +-- Pseudodon_mekongi **             
           |                                                                    |  |  +--+                                 
           |                                                                    +--+     +-- Schepmaniini **                  
           |                                                                       |                                       
           |                                                                       |  +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2 **      
           |                                                                       +--+                                    
           |                                                                          |  +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis **         
           |                                                                          +--+                                 
           |                                                                             +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1 **      
           |                                                                                                               
           |                                                                             +-- Quadrulini                    
           |  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+                                 
           |  |                                                                          +-- Pleurobemini                  
           |  |                                                                                                            
           |  |                                                                       +----- Amblema                       
           +--+  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+                                    
              |  |                                                                    |  +-- Nephronaias                   
              |  |                                                                    +--+                                 
              |  |                                                                       +-- Psoronaias                    
              |  |                                                                                                         
              +--+  +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Reginaia                      
                 |  |                                                                                                      
                 |  |                                                                 +----- Popenaias                     
                 |  |  +--------------------------------------------------------------+                                    
                 |  |  |                                                              |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
                 +--+  |                                                              +--+                                 
                    |  |                                                                 +-- Glebula                       
                    |  |                                                                                                   
                    |  |  +----------------------------------------------------------------- Paetulunio                    
                    |  |  |                                                                                                
                    +--+  |                                               +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum              
                       |  |                                               |                                                
                       |  |                                               |           +----- Toxolasma_lividum__2          
                       |  |                                               |  +--------+                                    
                       |  |  +--------------------------------------------+  |        |  +-- Toxolasma_cylindrellus        
                       |  |  |                                            |  |        +--+                                 
                       |  |  |                                            |  |           +-- Toxolasma_lividum__1          
                       |  |  |                                            |  |                                             
                       +--+  |                                            +--+     +-------- Toxolasma_texasiense__2       
                          |  |                                               |  +--+                                       
                          |  |                                               |  |  |  +----- Toxolasma_glans               
                          |  |                                               |  |  +--+                                    
                          |  |                                               |  |     |  +-- Toxolasma_paulum              
                          |  |                                               +--+     +--+                                 
                          |  |                                                  |        +-- Toxolasma_texasiense__1       
                          |  |                                                  |                                          
                          |  |                                                  |  +-------- Toxolasma__4                  
                          |  |                                                  +--+                                       
                          +--+                                                     |  +----- Toxolasma_granulatum          
                             |                                                     +--+                                    
                             |                                                        |  +-- Toxolasma__2                  
                             |                                                        +--+                                 
                             |                                                           +-- Toxolasma__3                  
                             |                                                                                             
                             |                                                        +----- Toxolasma_pullus              
                             |  +-----------------------------------------------------+                                    
                             |  |                                                     |  +-- Toxolasma_germanum            
                             |  |                                                     +--+                                 
                             |  |                                                        +-- Toxolasma__1                  
                             |  |                                                                                          
                             |  |                                                        +-- Obliquaria                    
                             |  |  +-----------------------------------------------------+                                 
                             |  |  |                                                     +-- Plectomerus                   
                             +--+  |                                                                                       
                                |  |                                               +-------- Potamilus_inflatus            
                                |  |                                      +--------+                                       
                                |  |                                      |        |  +----- Potamilus_ohiensis            
                                |  |                                      |        +--+                                    
                                |  |                                      |           |  +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus        
                                |  |                                      |           +--+                                 
                                |  |  +-----------------------------------+              +-- Potamilus_streckersoni        
                                |  |  |                                   |                                                
                                +--+  |                                   |           +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2         
                                   |  |                                   |  +--------+                                    
                                   |  |                                   |  |        |  +-- Potamilus_leptodon            
                                   |  |                                   |  |        +--+                                 
                                   |  |                                   +--+           +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1         
                                   |  |                                      |                                             
                                   |  |                                      |  +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi         
                                   |  |                                      |  |                                          
                                   |  |                                      +--+  +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3           
                                   |  |                                         |  |                                       
                                   |  |                                         +--+  +----- Potamilus_alatus__2           
                                   +--+                                            |  |                                    
                                      |                                            +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2       
                                      |                                               |                                    
                                      |                                               |  +-- Potamilus_alatus__1           
                                      |                                               +--+                                 
                                      |                                                  +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1       
                                      |                                                                                    
                                      |                                                  +-- Villosa_villosa               
                                      |  +-----------------------------------------------+                                 
                                      |  |                                               +-- Atlanticoncha                 
                                      |  |                                                                                 
                                      |  |                                               +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus          
                                      |  |  +--------------------------------------------+                                 
                                      +--+  |                                            +-- Ligumia                       
                                         |  |                                                                              
                                         |  |                                      +-------- Leaunio_umbrans               
                                         |  |  +-----------------------------------+                                       
                                         |  |  |                                   |  +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus          
                                         +--+  |                                   +--+                                    
                                            |  |                                      |  +-- Cambarunio_iris               
                                            |  |                                      +--+                                 
                                            |  |                                         +-- Cambarunio_simus              
                                            |  |                                                                           
                                            |  |  +----------------------------------------- Hamiota                       
                                            |  |  |                                                                        
                                            +--+  |                 +----------------------- Pachynaias                    
                                               |  |                 |                                                      
                                               |  |  +--------------+  +-------------------- Sagittunio                    
                                               |  |  |              |  |                                                   
                                               |  |  |              |  |              +----- Ellipsaria                    
                                               |  |  |              +--+  +-----------+                                    
                                               |  |  |                 |  |           |  +-- Potamilus_capax               
                                               |  |  |                 |  |           +--+                                 
                                               |  |  |                 |  |              +-- Truncilla                     
                                               +--+  |                 +--+                                                
                                                  |  |                    |           +----- Medionidus_acutissimus        
                                                  |  |                    |  +--------+                                    
                                                  |  |                    |  |        |  +-- Lemiox                        
                                                  |  |                    |  |        +--+                                 
                                                  |  |                    +--+           +-- Medionidus_penicillatus       
                                                  |  |                       |                                             
                                                  |  |                       |  +----------- Ptychobranchus                
                                                  |  |                       |  |                                          
                                                  |  |                       +--+        +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2          
                                                  |  |                          |  +-----+                                 
                                                  +--+                          |  |     +-- Dromus                        
                                                     |                          +--+                                       
                                                     |                             |  +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2        
                                                     |                             +--+                                    
                                                     |                                |  +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1          
                                                     |                                +--+                                 
                                                     |                                   +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1        
                                                     |                                                                     
                                                     |                                   +-- Villosa_delumbis              
                                                     |  +--------------------------------+                                 
                                                     |  |                                +-- Villosa_vibex                 
                                                     |  |                                                                  
                                                     |  |                    +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria             
                                                     |  |                    |                                             
                                                     |  |  +-----------------+           +-- Venustaconcha                 
                                                     |  |  |                 |  +--------+                                 
                                                     |  |  |                 |  |        +-- Epioblasma                    
                                                     |  |  |                 +--+                                          
                                                     |  |  |                    |  +-------- Obovaria_retusa               
                                                     +--+  |                    +--+                                       
                                                        |  |                       |  +----- Obovaria_choctawensis         
                                                        |  |                       +--+                                    
                                                        |  |                          |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor             
                                                        |  |                          +--+                                 
                                                        |  |                             +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                                                        |  |                                                               
                                                        |  |                             +-- Mesonaias                     
                                                        |  |     +-----------------------+                                 
                                                        |  |     |                       +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                                                        |  |     |                                                         
                                                        +--+  +--+                       +-- Lampsilis_splendida           
                                                           |  |  |  +--------------------+                                 
                                                           |  |  |  |                    +-- Lampsilis_bracteata           
                                                           |  |  |  |                                                      
                                                           |  |  +--+                    +-- Lampsilis_fasciola            
                                                           |  |     |  +-----------------+                                 
                                                           |  |     |  |                 +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                                                           |  |     +--+                                                   
                                                           |  |        |  +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata              
                                                           |  |        |  |                                                
                                                           |  |        +--+  +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2            
                                                           |  |           |  |                                             
                                                           |  |           +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis      
                                                           |  |              |  |                                          
                                                           |  |              |  |     +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2          
                                                           |  |              +--+  +--+                                    
                                                           |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1          
                                                           +--+                 |  |  +--+                                 
                                                              |                 +--+     +-- Lampsilis_satura              
                                                              |                    |                                       
                                                              |                    |  +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2          
                                                              |                    +--+                                    
                                                              |                       |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1            
                                                              |                       +--+                                 
                                                              |                          +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1          
                                                              |                                                            
                                                              |                 +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2    
                                                              |  +--------------+                                          
                                                              |  |              |  +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta             
                                                              |  |              +--+                                       
                                                              |  |                 |  +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2        
                                                              |  |                 +--+                                    
                                                              |  |                    |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1    
                                                              |  |                    +--+                                 
                                                              +--+                       +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1        
                                                                 |                                                         
                                                                 |                    +----- Medionidus_conradicus         
                                                                 |  +-----------------+                                    
                                                                 |  |                 |  +-- Leaunio_lienosus              
                                                                 |  |                 +--+                                 
                                                                 |  |                    +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis          
                                                                 |  |                                                      
                                                                 +--+                    +-- Lampsilis_floridensis         
                                                                    |  +-----------------+                                 
                                                                    |  |                 +-- Lampsilis_teres               
                                                                    |  |                                                   
                                                                    |  |                 +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1      
                                                                    +--+                 |                                 
                                                                       |                 +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2      
                                                                       |  +--------------+                                 
                                                                       |  |              +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1         
                                                                       |  |              |                                 
                                                                       +--+              +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2         
                                                                          |                                                
                                                                          |  +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani            
                                                                          |  |                                             
                                                                          +--+           +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2        
                                                                             |  +--------+                                 
                                                                             |  |        +-- Lampsilis_virescens           
                                                                             +--+                                          
                                                                                |  +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2          
                                                                                +--+                                       
                                                                                   |  +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1          
                                                                                   +--+                                    
                                                                                      |  +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni           
                                                                                      +--+                                 
                                                                                         +-- Lampsilis_straminea__1

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71 71 60 5 40 40 1 654 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71 71 56 5 46 41 1 660 
  +----------- Parreysiinae             
  |                                     
  |  +-------- Rectidentini **             
--+  |                                  
  |  |  +----- Pseudodontini **            
  |  |  |                               
  |  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **    
  +--+  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
     |  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **    
     |  |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Leguminaia **               
     +--+  |                            
        |  +-- Microcondylaea **           
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Gonidea **                  
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Ptychorhynchus **           
        |  |                            
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia **            
        |  |                            
        +--+-- Lamprotula_leaii **         
           |                            
           +-- Lamprotula **               
           |                            
           +-- Lamprotula_caveata **       
           |                            
           +-- Potomida **                 
           |                            
           +-- Pronodularia **             
           |                            
           +-- Sinohyriopsis **            
           |                            
           +-- Chamberlainia **            
           |                            
           +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
           |                            
           +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
68 68 67 4 14 14 1 657 
  +----------- Parreysiinae 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Rectidentini ** 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
59 59 57 6 0 0 0 678 
           +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Rectidentini **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Pseudodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55 80 72 5 145 106 3 652 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini **      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55 127 72 5 145 106 3 642 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia **     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Megalonaias       
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Uniomerus         
  |  |                              
--+  +----------- Quadrulina        
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis **     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini **      
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Gonideini **         
  |  |                              
  +--+----------- Pseudodontini **     
     |                              
     +----------- Rectidentini **      
     |                              
     +----------- Unioninae         
     |                              
     |  +-------- Amblema           
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Toxolasma         
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Pleurobemini      
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Obliquaria        
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Plectomerus       
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Ellipsaria        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Medionidus        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_alatus  
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Ptychobranchus    
        +--+                        
           +----- Truncilla         
           |                        
           +----- Venustaconcha     
           |                        
           +----- Cambarunio        
           |                        
           +----- Leaunio           
           |                        
           |  +-- Ortmanniana       
           +--+                     
              +-- Lampsilis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
54 125 124 5 144 105 3 648 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Pseudodontini **  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Ambleminae     
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 86 41 5 74 74 3 672 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **         
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Rectidentini **          
     |  |                                  
     |  |  +-------- Unioninae             
     +--+  |                               
        |  |  +----- Ambleminae            
        |  |  |                            
        +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **    
           +--+  |                         
              |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii **      
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Potomida **              
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pronodularia **          
              |  |                         
              +--+-- Gonidea **               
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia **            
                 |                         
                 +-- Microcondylaea **        
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 48 4 0 0 0 683 
     +-- Lamprotulini ** 
  +--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Schepmaniini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudodontini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
48 136 122 5 90 65 3 663 
                 +-------- Chamberlainia **   
                 |                         
  +--------------+  +----- Cumberlandia    
  |              |  |                      
  |              +--+  +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |                 |  |                   
  |                 +--+-- Pseudunio       
  |                    |                   
  |                    +-- Margaritifera   
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Hyriinae        
--+              +-----+                   
  |              |     +-- Velesunioninae  
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Aspathariinae   
  |              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheria         
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Unioninae       
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
48 84 84 5 90 65 3 660 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini **

Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44 44 42 1 0 0 0 684 
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 42 6 5 3 1 679 
  +----------------- Unioninae      
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Gonideini **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 39 5 2 0 0 670 
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                                    
  |  |  +----------------- Inversidens **    
  +--+  |                                 
     |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  +--------------+                  
     +--+              +-- Lamprotulini **   
        |                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea **        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia **     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia **  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 41 5 2 0 0 672 
  +----------------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                                    
  |  |              +----- Inversidens **    
  +--+  +-----------+                     
     |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |           +--+                  
     |  |              +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
        |  |                              
        |  |        +----- Gonidea **        
        +--+  +-----+                     
           |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia **     
           |  |     +--+                  
           |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
           +--+                           
              |        +-- Koreosolenaia **  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Postolata **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Obovalis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 41 6 5 3 1 678 
  +----------------- Unioninae      
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Gonideini **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 6 5 3 1 676 
  +----------------- Unioninae      
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Gonideini **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
40 40 38 1 0 0 0 677 
1

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 36 1 0 0 0 680 
1

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 36 1 0 0 0 676 
1

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
37 49 39 2 14 12 1 665 
  +----- Pseudodontini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                
     +-- Rectidentini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 5 0 0 0 674 
  +----------- Rectidentini **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 58 26 4 48 48 3 686 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                             
--+  +----------- Pseudodontini ** 
  |  |                          
  |  |  +-------- Rectidentini **  
  +--+  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida **      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea **       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia **    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea **
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 41 39 7 11 9 3 676 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Parreysiinae   
--+  +-----+                        
  |  |     |  +----- Unioninae      
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Discomya **       
     |                              
     |  +----------- Rectidentini **   
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Schepmaniini **   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Caudiculatus **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Potomida **       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 6 2 0 0 695 
  +----------------------------- Schepmaniini **   
  |                                             
--+  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +----------------------- Rectidentini **   
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +-------------------- Inversidens **    
        |  |                                    
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula **     
        +--+  +-----------+                     
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
           |  |           +--+                  
           +--+              +-- Potomida **       
              |                                 
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
              |  |                              
              +--+           +-- Gonidea **        
                 |  +--------+                  
                 |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                 +--+                           
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia **  
                    +--+                        
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia **  
                       +--+                     
                          |  +-- Postolata **      
                          +--+                  
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 22 6 2 0 0 690 
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__1 **
  |                                                        
  +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__2 **
--+                                                        
  |  +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **             
  |  |                                                     
  +--+  +----------------------- Rectidentini **              
     |  |                                                  
     +--+  +-------------------- Inversidens **               
        |  |                                               
        |  |              +----- Lamprotula **                
        +--+  +-----------+                                
           |  |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **           
           |  |           +--+                             
           +--+              +-- Potomida **                  
              |                                            
              |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **              
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +----------- Gonidea **                   
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+----------- Microcondylaea **            
                    |                                      
                    |  +-------- Koreosolenaia **             
                    +--+                                   
                       |  +----- Parvasolenaia **             
                       +--+                                
                          |  +-- Postolata **                 
                          +--+                             
                             +-- Ptychorhynchus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 6 2 0 0 681 
  +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                              
  |  +----------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 6 2 0 0 679 
  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                           
--+  +-------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Schepmaniini **   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 21 2 0 0 0 675 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Rectidentini **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 6 2 0 0 677 
           +-- Schepmaniini **   
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Pseudodontini **  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Gonideini **      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 5 0 0 0 673 
  +----------- Rectidentini **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 6 2 0 0 677 
  +-------------------------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                                          
--+  +----------------------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                                       
  |  |                    +-- Schepmaniini **   
  +--+  +-----------------+                  
     |  |                 +-- Pseudodontini **  
     |  |                                    
     +--+                 +-- Inversidens **    
        |  +--------------+                  
        |  |              +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------------- Sinosolenaia **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Gonidea **        
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Microcondylaea ** 
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Parvasolenaia **  
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Koreosolenaia **  
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Postolata **      
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Ptychorhynchus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 37 30 5 89 78 3 676 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Rectidentini **   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 27 5 0 0 0 672 
  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Gonideini **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                  
           +-- Rectidentini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 66 63 5 45 35 2 669 
  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                              
--+  +----------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Gonideini **      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ambleminae     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unioninae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 66 64 5 45 35 2 670 
  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
  |                              
--+  +----------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Gonideini **      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ambleminae     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 35 33 5 62 45 3 672 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 2 0 0 0 680 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Rectidentini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 35 33 5 62 45 3 670 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 37 32 5 52 41 3 667 
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                          
--+  +----------------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------------- Rectidentini **   
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea **        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 27 5 68 66 1 680 
  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 6 4 2 1 680 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Gonideini **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Schepmaniini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 21 3 0 0 0 681 
  +-- Lamprotula **   
  |                
  +-- Leguminaia **   
  |                
--+-- Potomida **     
  |                
  +-- Gonidea **      
  |                
  +-- Pseudodontini **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 26 5 115 88 3 684 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 5 2 0 0 682 
  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                           
  |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 49 42 4 26 24 1 661 
     +----- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Rectidentini **    
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 5 31 29 3 681 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 5 71 65 3 684 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 5 71 65 3 684 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 682 
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 18 5 76 65 3 685 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 18 5 68 59 2 685 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 18 5 76 65 3 683 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 5 34 32 2 682 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 4 5 5 2 678 
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                          
--+  +----------------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Pseudodontini **  
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Sinosolenaia **   
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Inversidens **    
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea **        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 5 2 1 1 683 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 5 2 1 1 683 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 5 68 59 2 683 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 40 33 3 682 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
  |           +-- Unioninae      
--+-----------+                  
  |           +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                              
  |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 40 33 3 686 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
--+              +-- Unioninae      
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Parreysiinae   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Gonideini **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudodontini **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 31 28 2 684 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 683 
1

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 4 0 0 0 680 
  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
--+                        
  |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Pseudodontini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 684 
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 5 32 26 2 686 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 60 51 2 685 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 22 21 2 687 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 22 21 2 685 
  +----------------- Unioninae      
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 26 16 3 683 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unioninae    
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Ambleminae   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Rectidentini ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Gonideini **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 60 49 2 685 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 60 49 2 685 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 56 45 2 684 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 43 42 3 684 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 31 28 2 686 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 31 28 2 686 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 690 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 43 42 3 33 31 1 683 
     +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **      
--+                     
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unioninae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 27 25 3 689 
              +-- Parreysiinae   
  +-----------+                  
  |           +-- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Gonideini **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamprotulini **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 42 39 2 683 
  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 681 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 11 10 2 681 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 681 
1

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 687 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Gonideini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 13 3 35 33 1 685 
  +-------------------- Unioninae                 
  |                                               
--+  +----------------- Chamberlainiini **           
  |  |                                            
  |  |           +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
  +--+  +--------+                                
     |  |        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
     |  |        +--+                             
     |  |           +-- Ptychorhynchus **            
     +--+                                         
        |           +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **     
        |  +--------+                             
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini **              
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **    
           |  |                                   
           +--+  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__2 **  
              |  |                                
              +--+  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__1 **  
                 |  |                             
                 +--+-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **     
                    |                             
                    +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__3 **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 10 5 20 18 3 684.5 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Ambleminae     
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Gonideini **      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Rectidentini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Lamprotulini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 1 0 0 0 686 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 42 40 2 688 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 34 32 4 23 22 2 703 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosulinae            
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 26 24 3 686 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+           +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 681 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 46 36 2 685 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 32 32 2 687 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 21 11 1 687 
  +----- Parreysiinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudodontini **

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 683 
1

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 684 
1

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 29 26 2 686 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 684 
1

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 42 36 3 44 42 2 675 
  +-------- Quadrulini     
  |                        
  +-------- Pleurobemini   
  |                        
  |     +-- Amblemini      
--+-----+                  
  |     +-- Lampsilini     
  |                        
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 38 32 2 687 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 34 24 2 683 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 3 22 21 2 682 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 3 60 37 3 685 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Inversidens **    
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Obovalis **       
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Ptychorhynchus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 9 14 2 1 1 1 685 
  +----- Rectidentini ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                
     +-- Parreysiinae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 25 21 1 685 
  +----------- Unioninae      
  |                           
  |        +-- Obovalis **       
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Inversidens **    
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 23 23 2 685 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 688 
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 23 23 2 685 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 4 11 10 2 685 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 685 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Gonideini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 26 22 1 688 
  +-------- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Gonideini **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Chamberlainiini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 41 33 2 687 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 4 11 10 2 685 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Gonideini **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Pseudodontini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 3 60 37 3 685 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Inversidens **    
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Obovalis **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 9 8 3 60 37 3 686 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ambleminae     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 8 1 0 0 0 689 
1

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 2 0 0 0 686 
  +----- Potomida **      
  |                    
--+  +-- Pronodularia **  
  |  |                 
  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Leguminaia **    
     |                 
     +-- Microcondylaea **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 25 22 2 684 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 688 
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 24 22 2 684 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 9 9 2 686 
  +-------------- Anodontini     
  |                              
--+           +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unionini       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 685.5 
1

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 6 2 0 0 0 684 
  +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 33 30 2 688 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 12 10 3 5 5 2 683 
        +-- Gonideini **      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 16 13 2 688 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 684 
1

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 15 15 2 683 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 19 19 1 683 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 2 2 0 0 685 
  +----- Chamberlainia **
--+                   
  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **
  +--+                
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 16 16 2 683 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 15 13 4 30 18 3 684 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+           +-- Pseudodontini **
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unioninae    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 0 2 30 26 2 687 
  +----- Unioninae     
  |                    
  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
--+  |                 
  |  +-- Potomida **      
  |  |                 
  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonidea **       
     |                 
     +-- Leguminaia **    
     |                 
     +-- Microcondylaea **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 14 13 2 683 
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Gonideini **

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 688 
1

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 25 25 2 687 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 15 15 3 25 25 2 681 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 15 12 4 30 18 3 683 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unioninae    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 9 8 3 686 
  +----------- Parreysiinae
--+                        
  |  +-------- Ambleminae  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Unioninae   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Gonideini **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 8 8 2 686 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 8 8 2 684 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 9 6 2 684 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 15 13 2 686 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 13 13 1 686 
  +-- Rectidentini **
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 20 14 2 684 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 20 14 2 684 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Gonideini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 687 
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 6 4 2 16 13 1 689 
  +----------------- Anodontini             
  |                                         
  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  +--+                                   
--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
  |  |  +--+                                
  |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
  |  |     +--+                             
  |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
  +--+        +--+                          
     |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
     |                                      
     |        +----- Aculamprotulina        
     |     +--+                             
     |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia           
     |     |  +--+                          
     +-----+     +-- Nodularia              
           |                                
           |  +----- Schistodesmus          
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Lanceolariini          
              +--+                          
                 +-- Acuticostini

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 37 17 2 687 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 100 90 3 98 96 2 680 
        +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 687 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 23 17 3 42 20 3 684 
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 1 57 57 1 687 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 18 16 3 43 21 3 687 
  +----------- Unioninae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Ambleminae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudodontini **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 23 20 3 42 20 3 689 
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 2 0 0 685 
  +-- Gonideini **   
--+               
  +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 1 57 57 1 687 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 687 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 18 16 3 30 28 2 694 
  +-------------- Unioninae      
--+                              
  |  +----------- Sinosolenaia **   
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
           +--+                  
              +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 2 0 0 684 
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 18 7 3 30 28 2 689 
  +----- Unioninae      
  |                     
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
--+  |                  
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
     |                  
     +-- Sinosolenaia **   
     |                  
     +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 25 19 3 43 21 3 682 
  +-------- Pseudodontini **
  |                      
--+  +----- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                   
  |  +----- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                   
     +----- Unioninae    
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini **    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 17 13 1 689 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Obovalis **       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Inversidens **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 8 8 1 689 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Obovalis **       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Inversidens **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 1 54 54 1 687 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 18 13 2 687 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 13 11 2 687 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 5 5 1 687 
  +-- Gonideini **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 30 7 3 685 
        +-- Ambleminae  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 18 13 2 687 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 12 11 2 685 
  +----------- Unioninae      
--+                           
  |  +-------- Ambleminae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 12 10 3 14 8 2 685 
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini **    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 9 9 1 689 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 30 7 3 685 
        +-- Ambleminae  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 687 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 13 11 2 687 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 37 17 2 687 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 100 101 3 98 96 2 702 
  +-------- Chamberlainiini **
  |                        
--+-------- Unioninae      
  |                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 5 5 2 686 
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 686 
1

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 1 2 15 14 2 687 
  +----------- Cristariina    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Velesunioninae 
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 10 8 3 12 9 2 692 
  +-------------- Unioninae       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lampsilini      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini    
           +--+                   
              +-- Margaritiferinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 20 18 1 686 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 12 10 2 12 9 2 689 
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea **      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 7 6 2 686 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 5 5 2 686 
  +-------------- Cristariina    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 17 13 3 688 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
  |                           
--+        +-- Parreysiinae   
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Rectidentini **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 6 6 2 686 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 686 
  +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 15 15 2 686 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Cristaria      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Lamprotulini **   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Acuticostini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 12 10 2 12 9 2 691 
  +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea **      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 7 6 1 688 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
--+        +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Obovalis **     
        +--+                
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 14 8 3 692 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula **             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida **               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotulina        
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 10 2 -- 
           +-- Anodontina 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia
  |                       
--+        +-- Gonideini **  
  |  +-----+              
  |  |     +-- Ambleminae 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Unionini   
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon  
        +--+              
           +-- Cristariina

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 8 2 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 39 37 3 -- 
     +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 13 7 3 -- 
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 4 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
--+----- Ambleminae  
  |                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 17 15 2 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 13 7 3 687 
  +-- Aculamprotulina
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula **     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida **       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 7 2 -- 
  +----------- Unioninae   
--+                        
  |  +-------- Lampsilini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Quadrulini  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lamprotulini **
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideini **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 12 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae      
--+                     
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 15 12 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 21 21 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 10 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideini **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae      
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 2 7 7 1 686 
  +----- Gonideini **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 8 2 -- 
     +-- Gonideini **    
  +--+                
  |  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 13 13 2 -- 
  +-------- Unioninae      
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae      
  |                     
--+----- Ambleminae     
  |                     
  |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                  
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini  
  |                     
--+     +-- Lamprotulini **
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae     
  |                     
--+----- Unioninae      
  |                     
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 43 41 3 -- 
  +----------------------- Lamprotulini ** 
  |                                     
--+  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
  |  |                                  
  |  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+  |                               
     |  |              +-- Anemina      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Amuranodonta 
     +--+                               
        |           +----- Pletholophus 
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
        |  |        +--+                
        |  |           +-- Beringiana   
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria    
           |  |                         
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
           +--+--------+                
              |        +-- Anodontina   
              |                         
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Acuticostini 
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 34 8 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideini **    
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudodontini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 14 11 2 -- 
  +----------- Unioninae   
  |                        
--+        +-- Lampsilini  
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Quadrulini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Pleurobemini
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 27 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Lamprotulini **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Parreysiinae

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 43 41 3 -- 
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 15 0 2 23 23 3 698 
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini **     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  |                     
--+  +-- Cristariina    
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Lampsilini     
  +--+                  
     +-- Alasmidontina  
     |                  
     +-- Quadrulini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 39 37 3 -- 
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 6 4 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
--+----- Ambleminae  
  |                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 39 37 3 -- 
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 39 37 3 -- 
     +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 14 0 2 36 31 2 681 
  +-------------- Quadrulina     
  |                              
  |        +----- Lamprotulini **   
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Unioninae      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Megalonaias    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pleurobemini   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Amblemini      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lampsilini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 7 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 22 22 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Unioninae   
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Lamprotulini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 4 2 -- 
  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Lampsilini  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Unioninae   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lamprotulini **
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideini **

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae      
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 13 13 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 22 22 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Lamprotulini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 2 4 3 1 688.5 
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 2 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 62 62 1 -- 
  +-- Pseudodontini **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideini **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 30 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 104 103 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Potomida_littoralis **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Potomida_littoralis **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +----------------------------- Gonideini **   
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia   
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini   
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema  
           |  |                              
           +--+  +-------------- Eurynia     
              |  |                           
              |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias  
              +--+-----------+               
                 |           +-- Unioninae   
                 |                           
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana 
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-------- Glebula     
                    +--+                     
                       |  +----- Potamilus   
                       +--+                  
                          |  +-- Ligumia     
                          +--+               
                             +-- Toxolasma

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 17 3 -- 
-- Gonidea_angulata **

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 26 26 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideini ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 17 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini **          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
-- Potomida_littoralis **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 20 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 16 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideini ** 
  |             
--+-- Unioninae 
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 8 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Ambleminae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 12 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +----- Gonideini ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae 
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 8 2 -- 
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Gonidea_angulata **

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 10 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Potomida_littoralis **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 11 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 17 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini **          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideini ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 8 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 15 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 13 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae  
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 17 1 -- 
           +-- Chamberlainiini **
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 2 1 -- 
-- Lamprotula_leaii **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideini **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 20 1 -- 
  +-- Lamprotulini **
--+               
  +-- Ambleminae

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +----- Sinanodonta    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 7 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideini ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 25 1 1 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae  
--+               
  +-- Lamprotulini **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 15 2 -- 
  +-------- Gonideini **          
  |                            
  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |     |                      
  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |     |                      
--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Unionini           
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Utterbackia        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     +--+                      
        +-- Megalonaias        
        |                      
        +-- Obliquaria         
        |                      
        +-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 2 -- 
  +----- Lamprotulini **
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 18 2 -- 
  +-------- Amblemini   
  |                     
  +-------- Pleurobemini
--+                     
  +-------- Lampsilini  
  |                     
  |  +----- Quadrulini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideini **   
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 30 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideini **   
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 14 1 -- 
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 30 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideini ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae