Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe LEPIDODESMINI Huang & Wu in Huang et al. 2019: cladomics

1 genus

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 2 (3 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 1
analyzed in 67 cladograms in 39 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.18, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 12
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 629 155 4 -- 
  +----------------- Lepidodesma **                 
  |                                              
  |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
  |  +--+                                        
--+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
  |  |  +--+                                     
  |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2     
  |  |     +--+                                  
  +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1     
     |        +--+                               
     |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
     |                                           
     |  +----------- Globunio                    
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Aculamprotulina             
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Middendorffinaiina          
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Unionina                    
              +--+                               
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 26 26 1 -- 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 17 9 1 -- 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Anodontini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 139 67 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 94 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 94 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 74 70 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 90 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 63 61 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma ** 
--+                     
  |  +----- Unionini    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Acuticostini
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 90 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 93 63 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 26 26 1 -- 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 32 4 -- 
  +-------------- Anemina      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesma **       
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 26 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontini     
  |                           
  |        +-- Acuticostini   
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesma **    
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 42 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 16 3 -- 
-- Lepidodesma_languilati **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 21 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 46 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma **          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 6 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **    
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 21 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 33 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 32 4 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
--+-------- Unionini     
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 8 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini 
--+                 
  |  +-- Lepidodesma **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
           +-- Anemina               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **           
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------------- Globunionina   
  |                              
  |        +----- Aculamprotulina
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Unionina       
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Oxynaiina      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Acuticostini   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lepidodesma **    
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 197 45 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 34 3 -- 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 14 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Oxynaiina      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **    
     +--+                  
        +-- Aculamprotulina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 70 4 -- 
  +----- Acuticostini 
  |                   
  +----- Lepidodesma **  
--+                   
  +----- Unionini     
  |                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 32 4 -- 
  +-------- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 43 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 34 3 -- 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 16 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 27 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 2 -- 
  +----------- Unionina          
  |                              
--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Oxynaiina         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodontini        
        +--+                     
           +-- Lepidodesma **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 33 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 35 4 -- 
           +----- Pletholophus 
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
  |        +--+                
  |           +-- Beringiana   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristaria    
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+--------+                
     |        +-- Anodontina   
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini 
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 22 3 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 35 4 -- 
              +-- Anemina               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesma **           
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 10 1 -- 
  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 31 4 -- 
  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 20 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 13 4 -- 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesma **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 21 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 30 4 -- 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **    
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 199 46 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 13 4 -- 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 17 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 15 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 25 4 -- 
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 25 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 68 32 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 21 4 -- 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma **            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 51 3 -- 
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 35 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 38 4 -- 
  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 34 3 -- 
                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 20 4 -- 
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini