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Data last updated
Thu 18 Dec 2025

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe LEPIDODESMINI Huang & Wu in Huang et al. 2019: cladomics

1 genus

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 2 (3 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 1
analyzed in 64 cladograms in 37 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.14, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 9
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Cladograms

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	121	70	4	--

  +----- Acuticostini 
  |                   
  +----- Lepidodesma **  
--+                   
  +----- Unionini     
  |                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	90	45	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	94	45	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	63	61	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma ** 
--+                     
  |  +----- Unionini    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Acuticostini
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	74	70	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	94	45	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	26	26	1	--

  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	90	45	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	26	26	1	--

  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	1	17	9	1	--

  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Anodontini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	47	21	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	25	4	--

  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	17	16	3	--

-- Lepidodesma_languilati **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	35	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	198	45	4	--

  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	33	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	200	46	4	--

  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma **          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	19	8	2	--

  +----- Anodontini 
--+                 
  |  +-- Lepidodesma **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	26	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	35	4	--

              +-- Anemina               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesma **           
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	31	4	--

           +-- Anemina               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **           
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	25	4	--

  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	34	3	--

                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	52	27	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	13	4	--

  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	48	26	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	87	43	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	200	46	4	--

  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	52	16	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	14	2	--

  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Aculamprotula

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	32	4	--

  +-------- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	43	21	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	53	17	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	53	27	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	15	6	2	--

  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unio

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	34	3	--

                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	25	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	32	20	4	--

  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	36	15	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	38	38	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	46	32	4	--

  +-------------- Anemina      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesma **  
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	38	16	4	--

  +----------------- Anodontini   
  |                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
--+  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesma **  
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	34	3	--

                 +-- Anemina      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	68	32	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	20	15	4	--

  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesma **     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	35	4	--

           +----- Pletholophus 
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
  |        +--+                
  |           +-- Beringiana   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristaria    
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+--------+                
     |        +-- Anodontina   
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini 
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	22	22	3	--

  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	52	50	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	20	15	4	--

  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	43	21	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	52	32	4	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
  |                      
--+-------- Unionini     
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	37	20	3	--

  +-------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	13	4	--

  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesma **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	30	4	--

  +----------------------------------- Anemina              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesma **          
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	85	43	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	31	4	--

                       +-- Huizhou        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Globunio       
  |                                       
  |              +-------- Acuticostini   
--+  +-----------+                        
  |  |           |  +----- Lepidodesma **    
  |  |           +--+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+              +--+                  
     |                 +-- Anodontini     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula  
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------------- Unio           
        |  |                              
        |  |           +-- Tchangsinaia   
        +--+  +--------+                  
           |  |        +-- Inversiunio    
           |  |                           
           +--+        +-- Cuneopsis      
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Nodularia      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Diaurora       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	31	4	--

  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesma **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	33	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	12	11	2	--

  +-------------- Unio            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesma **     
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	39	25	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	21	4	--

  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma **            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	10	10	1	--

  +-- Lepidodesma **
--+              
  +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	31	4	--

  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesma **  
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	45	25	4	--

  +----------- Lepidodesma **  
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

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