Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Limnoscaphini

subtribe LIMNOSCAPHINA Lindholm, 1932: cladomics

7 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 20 (48 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 7
analyzed in 68 cladograms in 44 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 17 (mean = 5.16, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.43, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 65
maximum number of included terminals = 17, (mean = 5.35 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.49, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 60
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 17 (mean = 5.32, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.53, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.95

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Limnoscaphina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Limnoscaphina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 27 10 2 **
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 11 11 7 3 20 15 2 8.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA CTENODESMINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis myersiana

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 32 9 2 0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 4 13 11 3 32 9 2 13.0
Cladomics cladogram Hyriopsis bialata Rectidens CTENODESMINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi CONTRADENTINA Inversidens Lamprotula Chamberlainia Potomida Sinosolenaia Gonidea Microcondylaea Koreosolenaia Parvasolenaia Postolata Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 4 13 3 3 32 9 2 11.0
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis bialata CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Inversidens Lamprotula Chamberlainia Potomida Sinosolenaia Gonidea Microcondylaea Koreosolenaia Parvasolenaia Postolata Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 32 9 2 0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.917 4 4 2 3 32 9 2 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 5 5 3 3 40 13 2 1.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 56 6 2 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 3 32 9 2 0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.769 17 17 15 3 616 36 2 15.0
Cladomics cladogram Khairuloconcha Ctenodesma CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis delaportei Hyriopsis desowitzi Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis kratiensis Hyriopsis phuphaniensis Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis sakhonensis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.875 7 7 2 3 74 4 1 7.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Ensidens Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis myersiana

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 9 3 128 12 1 9.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis myersiana Rectidens Hyriopsis desowitzi

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 7 3 128 11 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Ensidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis bialata

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 7 3 114 12 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis khoratensis

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 3 3 0 3 4 4 1 4.5
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis 1 Hyriopsis 2 Rectidens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 5 3 190 12 1 9.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Ensidens Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis khoratensis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.889 11 11 9 3 188 12 1 9.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis myersiana

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.778 11 11 6 3 190 12 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis desowitzi Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis khoratensis Rectidens Ensidens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 11 11 8 3 40 16 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 54 5 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 54 5 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.800 12 12 0 3 22 19 1 11.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens ingallsianus Ensidens telus Ensidens dugasti Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Ensidens jaculus 1 Ensidens jaculus 2 Ensidens spiculus Ensidens sagittarius

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 12 12 10 3 105 23 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis panhai

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 12 12 10 3 99 23 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 13 13 11 3 16 15 1 11.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 11 11 9 3 10 10 1 10.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Hyriopsis delaportei Rectidens Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis phuphaniensis Hyriopsis sakhonensis

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 31 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 32 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 0 3 73 3 1 3.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis Rectidens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Rectidens Hyriopsis

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.900 16 16 14 3 66 19 1 14.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Hyriopsis delaportei Rectidens Hyriopsis panhai Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis khoratensis Hyriopsis bialata Hyriopsis sakhonensis Hyriopsis phuphaniensis Hyriopsis kratiensis

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 5 2 --
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 5 2 --
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 5 2 --
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA CONTRADENTINA Ensidens Hyriopsis

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.375 8 8 0 2 74 10 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Ensidens telus Ensidens ingallsianus Ensidens jaculus Hyriopsis desowitzi Hyriopsis myersiana Hyriopsis khoratensis Ensidens spiculus Ensidens sagittarius

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
0.750 2 5 0 2 120 3 1 5.0
Cladomics cladogram Lens Ensidens Physunio Rectidens Yaukthwa Amblema Elliptio Lampsilis QUADRULINA Chamberlainia Sinohyriopsis Pronodularia Potomida Lamprotula INDOPSEUDODONTINA PSEUDODONTINA Sinosolenaia Gonidea Leguminaia Microcondylaea Inversidens Obovalis Ptychorhynchus Parvasolenaia Koreosolenaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 10 10 6 2 1 1 1 8.0
Cladomics cladogram CTENODESMINA Rectidens Hyriopsis

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 2 87 4 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Ensidens

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 2 2 87 4 1 4.0
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Ensidens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 43 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Ensidens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 43 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Ensidens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 25 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 85 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 83 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 138 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
Cladomics cladogram CONTRADENTINA Hyriopsis Rectidens

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 6 6 3 2 0 0 0 4.0
Cladomics cladogram Rectidens Hyriopsis

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 9 9 8 2 0 0 0 10.0
Cladomics cladogram Hyriopsis Ensidens

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 7 7 5 2 0 0 0 7.0
Cladomics cladogram Rectidens Ensidens

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 3 3 1 2 0 0 0 4.0
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens Rectidens

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 4 4 1 2 0 0 0 4.0
Cladomics cladogram Hyriopsis Rectidens

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens CONTRADENTINA

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 3 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens CONTRADENTINA

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

cst iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 6 1 --
Cladomics cladogram Ensidens CONTRADENTINA