Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea

family MARGARITIFERIDAE Henderson, 1929: cladomics

6 genera, 2 subfamilies

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 16 (46 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 8
analyzed in 277 cladograms in 158 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 16 (mean = 3.16, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.28, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 188
maximum number of included terminals = 16, (mean = 4.18 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.41, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.96

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 76
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 15 (mean = 5.96, median = 4.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.97

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Margaritiferidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Margaritiferidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 6 6 1 ** 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.724 3 21 19 2 18 18 1 0.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae **           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotulina        
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 10 10 8 2 20 4 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Cumberlandia **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 10 10 8 2 20 4 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Cumberlandia **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 2 2 1 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.910 10 10 8 2 129 114 1 0.0 
        +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----+                      
  |     |  +----- Margaritifera **
  |     +--+                   
  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
--+        +--+                
  |           +-- Pseudunio **    
  |                            
  |  +----------- Unionidae    
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Hyriidae     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Mycetopodidae
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae   
           +--+                
              +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.830 10 10 7 2 129 114 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unionidae    
  |                      
--+  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
     |  |                
     +--+-- Pseudunio **    
        |                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 8 8 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 8 8 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 2 2 2 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 17 6 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 2 36 32 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 12 2 14 3 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 12 2 14 3 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.861 2 2 0 2 44 44 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.911 13 13 9 2 188 162 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unionidae               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Gibbosula_rochechouartii **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Gibbosula_laosensis **     
     +--+                           
        +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.967 6 6 4 2 50 46 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.861 2 2 0 2 45 45 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.902 13 13 11 2 186 160 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unionidae               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Gibbosula_rochechouartii **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Gibbosula_laosensis **     
     +--+                           
        +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.821 13 13 9 2 188 162 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unionidae               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Gibbosula_rochechouartii **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Gibbosula_laosensis **     
     +--+                           
        +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.982 4 4 2 2 42 40 1 0.0 
     +-- Hyriidae        
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.839 2 2 0 2 49 49 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 2 3 3 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 2 34 21 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 7 7 5 2 34 21 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.869 5 5 0 2 112 112 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae                  
  |                                 
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **               
--+  |                              
  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  |                              
  +--+-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     |                              
     +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     |                              
     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.985 3 3 1 2 51 51 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.963 12 12 10 2 22 11 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudunio **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 44 40 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.926 12 12 10 2 22 11 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unionidae               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Gibbosula_rochechouartii **
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Gibbosula_laosensis **     
     +--+                           
        +-- Margaritiferinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.732 3 3 1 2 31 30 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.930 12 12 10 2 57 46 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudunio **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.930 12 12 10 2 57 46 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Margaritifera **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.930 12 12 10 2 57 46 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 11 11 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.956 7 7 5 2 84 74 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.960 7 7 5 2 66 62 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.960 7 7 5 2 66 62 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.958 7 7 5 2 61 57 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.934 7 7 5 2 84 74 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.986 6 6 4 2 67 64 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.865 2 7 0 2 47 47 1 0.0 
     +----- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Rectidentini    
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.964 10 10 8 2 66 66 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gibbosulinae ** 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pseudunio **    
        +--+                
           +-- Margaritifera **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.952 10 10 8 2 66 66 1 0.0 
  +----------- Unionidae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudunio **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 2 2 0 2 43 43 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 2 2 0 2 43 43 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.987 2 2 0 2 51 51 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 29 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 2 39 39 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.983 2 2 0 2 39 39 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.989 7 7 5 2 88 84 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.955 7 7 5 2 88 84 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 51 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.975 2 2 0 2 51 51 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 29 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 29 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.944 2 2 0 2 20 20 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.972 2 2 0 2 20 20 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 44 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 8 8 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 2 2 0 2 42 42 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.919 2 2 0 2 42 42 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.988 6 6 4 2 81 78 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 45 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.975 6 6 4 2 79 76 1 0.0 
  +----- Hyriidae        
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.867 15 15 13 2 11 2 1 0.0 
  +-------------- Unionidae                
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Pseudunio_marocanus **      
  |  |                                     
  |  |        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
  +--+        |                            
     |  +-----+-- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
     |  |     |                            
     +--+     +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **      
        |                                  
        |  +----- Gibbosulinae **             
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Cumberlandia **             
           +--+                            
              +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.984 2 2 0 2 39 39 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.967 2 2 0 2 39 39 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.978 2 2 0 2 62 62 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 46 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 32 32 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.969 14 14 12 2 126 113 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 2 2 0 2 15 15 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Gibbosulinae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.987 2 2 0 2 93 93 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.753 14 14 12 2 619 567 1 0.0 
  +----------------------------------------- Rectidentini              
  |                                                                    
  |                                +-------- Pseudunio **                 
  |  +-----------------------------+                                   
  |  |                             |  +----- Gibbosulinae **              
  |  |                             +--+                                
--+  |                                |  +-- Cumberlandia **              
  |  |                                +--+                             
  |  |                                   +-- Margaritifera **             
  |  |                                                                 
  |  |  +----------------------------------- Ambleminae                
  |  |  |                                                              
  |  |  |     +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina         
  +--+  |     |                                                        
     |  |     |                          +-- Lannanaia                 
     |  |  +--+  +-----------------------+                             
     |  |  |  |  |                       +-- Pilsbryoconcha            
     |  |  |  |  |                                                     
     |  |  |  +--+  +----------------------- Songkhlanaia              
     |  |  |     |  |                                                  
     |  |  |     |  |                    +-- Nyeinchanconcha           
     |  |  |     +--+  +-----------------+                             
     |  |  |        |  |                 +-- Sundadontina              
     +--+  |        |  |                                               
        |  |        |  |                 +-- Isannaia                  
        |  |        +--+              +--+                             
        |  |           |              |  +-- Namkongnaia               
        |  |           |  +-----------+                                
        |  |           |  |           |  +-- Thaiconcha                
        |  |           |  |           +--+                             
        |  |           +--+              +-- Bineurus                  
        |  |              |                                            
        |  |              |  +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei        
        |  |              |  |                                         
        |  |              +--+  +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus         
        |  |                 |  |                                      
        |  |                 |  |     +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus
        +--+                 +--+  +--+                                
           |                    |  |  |  +-- Pseudodon_mekongi         
           |                    |  |  +--+                             
           |                    +--+     +-- Schepmaniini              
           |                       |                                   
           |                       |  +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2  
           |                       +--+                                
           |                          |  +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis     
           |                          +--+                             
           |                             +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1  
           |                                                           
           |           +-------------------- Chamberlainiini           
           |           |                                               
           |        +--+  +----------------- Parvasolenaia             
           |        |  |  |                                            
           |        |  +--+  +-------------- Pseudopostolata           
           |        |     |  |                                         
           |        |     +--+  +----------- Koreosolenaia             
           |        |        |  |                                      
           |        |        +--+        +-- Cosmopseudodon            
           |        |           |  +-----+                             
           |        |           |  |     +-- Guiunio                   
           |        |           +--+                                   
           +--------+              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus            
                    |              +--+                                
                    |                 |  +-- Obovalis                  
                    |                 +--+                             
                    |                    +-- Postolata                 
                    |                                                  
                    |                    +-- Caudiculatus              
                    |     +--------------+                             
                    |     |              +-- Lamprotulini              
                    |     |                                            
                    +-----+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata     
                          |  |                                         
                          |  |        +----- Gonidea                   
                          +--+  +-----+                                
                             |  |     |  +-- Microcondylaea            
                             |  |     +--+                             
                             +--+        +-- Leguminaia                
                                |                                      
                                |  +-------- Inversidens               
                                +--+                                   
                                   |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita    
                                   +--+                                
                                      |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea     
                                      +--+                             
                                         +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.978 2 2 0 2 63 63 1 0.0 
  +----- Unionidae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 11 11 9 2 0 0 0 0.0 
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 16 16 12 2 0 0 0 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **    
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.636 3 19 5 1 16 16 1 0.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.861 3 3 1 1 24 24 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.868 3 3 1 1 25 24 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.611 3 22 4 1 19 18 1 0.0 
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                   
  +----- None__2      
--+                   
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
  |  +-- None__1      
  +--+                
     +-- Unionidae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.595 3 22 3 1 19 18 1 0.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
  +-- None__1      
  |                
--+-- None__2      
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.944 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 1 1 0 1 4 2 1 0.0 
  +----- Unioninae       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 1 1 0 1 4 2 1 0.0 
  +----- Ambleminae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.773 1 1 0 1 16 6 1 0.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Unionini        
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Pleurobemini    
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Anodontini      
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lampsilini      
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiini     
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Coelaturini     
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Hyriidae        
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Iridinidae      
              |  |                      
              +--+  +-- Anodontitinae   
                 |  |                   
                 +--+-- Mycetopodinae   
                    |                   
                    +-- Etheriidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 2 2 0 1 28 25 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 2 2 0 1 28 25 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.941 1 1 0 1 10 4 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
--+-- Unionidae       
  |                   
  +-- Hyriidae

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.897 2 2 0 1 32 18 1 0.0 
  +-------- Anodontini      
  |                         
--+  +----- Gonideinae      
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +----- Unioninae       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferinae **
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Unioninae       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.864 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +----- Unioninae       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferinae **
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Unioninae       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.905 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.821 2 2 0 1 29 18 1 0.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Amblemini       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Eurynia         
--+  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Fusconaia       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae      
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema      
  |  |                                  
  +--+----------------- Quadrulini      
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Ortmanniana     
     +-----+                            
     |     |  +-------- Glebula         
     |     +--+                         
     |        |  +----- Potamilus       
     |        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Ligumia         
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Toxolasma       
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Cyrtonaias      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unionini        
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Anodontini      
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Hyriidae        
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridinidae      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Mycetopodidae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.897 2 2 0 1 29 18 1 0.0 
  +----------- Parreysiinae    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae       
        +--+                   
           +-- Ambleminae

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.968 1 1 0 1 17 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.872 2 2 0 1 29 18 1 0.0 
  +----------- Parreysiinae    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideinae      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.796 2 34 0 1 32 32 1 0.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.759 2 34 0 1 32 32 1 0.0 
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.897 2 2 0 1 29 18 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.974 2 2 0 1 29 18 1 0.0 
  +----------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unionidae       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Hyriidae        
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Iridinidae      
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodidae

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.810 2 2 0 1 31 31 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 1 1 0 1 5 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.941 7 7 3 1 5 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 6 6 2 1 2 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 4 1 4 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.941 7 7 5 1 5 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.863 2 2 0 1 100 100 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.836 2 2 0 1 100 100 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.818 1 1 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +----- Ambleminae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferinae **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.957 1 1 0 1 11 11 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 1 1 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 1 1 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 4 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.979 2 2 0 1 45 25 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.893 1 1 0 1 14 12 1 0.0 
  +-------------- Unioninae       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Lamprotulini    
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideini       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Pseudodontini   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lampsilini      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini    
           +--+                   
              +-- Margaritiferinae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.926 1 1 0 1 14 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.926 1 1 0 1 14 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.923 6 6 4 1 30 10 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unioninae       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 11 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.930 1 1 0 1 55 55 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.886 1 1 0 1 56 56 1 0.0 
  +-- Unioninae       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 2 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.850 1 1 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 45 25 1 0.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Etheriidae      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unioninae       
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Rectidentini    
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Ambleminae      
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Gonideini       
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.913 2 2 0 1 44 24 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.915 2 2 0 1 44 24 1 0.0 
  +----------------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Hyriidae        
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Mulleria        
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Etheria         
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
              +--+                   
                 +-- Iridinidae

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.930 4 4 2 1 34 33 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.940 2 2 0 1 34 24 1 0.0 
  +----------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unionidae       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Aspathariinae   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Iridininae      
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodidae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.940 2 2 0 1 34 24 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Hyriidae

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.733 1 1 0 1 7 7 1 0.0 
  +----- Anodontina      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferinae **
     |                   
     +-- Unionini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.982 1 1 0 1 30 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
--+-- Hyriidae        
  |                   
  +-- Unionidae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.955 1 1 0 1 13 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.955 1 1 0 1 14 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 15 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.692 1 1 0 1 3 3 1 0.0 
  +-------- Cristaria       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 1 1 0 1 16 16 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 1 1 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.867 1 1 0 1 13 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.967 1 1 0 1 19 19 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 38 30 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Iridinidae      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 8 8 5 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 8 8 6 1 2 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 8 8 6 1 2 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.946 1 1 0 1 19 19 1 0.0 
  +-------- Unioninae       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferinae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.893 2 2 0 1 12 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 2 2 0 1 15 14 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.942 2 2 0 1 79 70 1 0.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unionidae       
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Iridininae      
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Aspathariinae   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Etheriidae      
           +--+                   
              +-- Mycetopodidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.973 2 2 0 1 23 19 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.973 2 2 0 1 23 19 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.852 2 15 15 1 14 13 1 0.0 
  +----------- Trigoniidae                   
--+                                          
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  +--+                                       
     |  +----- Unionidae                     
     +--+                                    
        |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
        +--+                                 
           +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.952 1 1 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.957 2 2 0 1 10 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.952 1 1 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 29 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Unionidae       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.968 2 2 0 1 14 14 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.963 2 2 2 1 19 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 31 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.971 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.933 1 1 0 1 14 3 1 0.0 
  +----------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Iridininae      
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodidae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 21 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 8 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.960 1 1 0 1 27 27 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 15 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.914 2 2 0 1 51 51 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 4 4 2 1 35 34 1 0.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferinae **
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyriidae        
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.952 1 1 0 1 9 8 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Hyriidae

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.724 1 1 0 1 104 104 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.958 1 1 0 1 10 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Hyriidae

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 18 18 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.981 3 3 1 1 37 37 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 35 35 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 21 20 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.931 2 2 0 1 26 26 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 2 2 0 1 27 27 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 2 2 0 1 24 24 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 41 41 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 18 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 18 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 41 41 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 55 50 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.988 2 2 0 1 55 50 1 0.0 
  +-- Hyriidae        
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.933 1 1 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 19 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 19 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.913 1 1 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 12 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 10 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 8 8 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 4 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 4 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 2 2 0 1 120 111 1 0.0 
  +----------- Margaritiferinae **
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unionidae       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Etheriidae      
        +--+                   
           +-- Iridinidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 7 7 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 9 9 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 4 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 4 4 0 1 32 32 1 0.0 
  +----- Margaritiferinae **
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 17 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.681 1 1 0 1 33 33 1 0.0 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosulinae **            
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.968 2 2 0 1 17 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 29 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 45 45 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 22 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 16 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.982 2 2 0 1 35 35 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 2 2 0 1 37 37 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.985 1 1 0 1 55 55 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 6 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 5 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 12 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 2 2 0 1 17 17 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.976 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.881 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.810 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 2 2 0 1 89 85 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 2 2 0 1 89 85 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 13 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.950 2 2 0 1 21 21 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.976 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.968 2 2 0 1 43 43 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 19 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 19 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 34 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 51 51 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 25 25 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.978 2 2 0 1 73 73 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 35 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.983 1 1 0 1 35 35 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 44 41 1 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4827], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 1 8 8 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4833], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 2 2 0 1 25 25 1 0.0 
  +-- Gibbosulinae **
--+               
  +-- Unionidae

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0.0 
-- Margaritifera **

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 0.0 
  +-- Margaritiferinae **
--+                   
  +-- Hyriidae

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 0.0 
  +-- Hyriidae        
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferinae **