Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Margaritiferidae

subfamily MARGARITIFERINAE Henderson, 1929: cladomics

3 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 11 (32 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 3
analyzed in 270 cladograms in 154 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 13 (mean = 2.8, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.6, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 154
maximum number of included terminals = 13, (mean = 4.16 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.05, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 43
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 13 (mean = 7.77, median = 9)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.91, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.7

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Margaritiferinae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Margaritiferinae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 3 1 1 ** 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 8 3 21 1 1 6.0 
           +-- Ambleminae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Unioninae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Cumberlandia **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 8 3 21 1 1 6.0 
           +-- Ambleminae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Unioninae    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Margaritifera **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Cumberlandia **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 10 11 9 3 1 1 1 3.0 
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 8 3 130 1 1 6.0 
                    +-------- Cumberlandia **    
  +-----------------+                         
  |                 |  +----- Margaritifera **   
  |                 +--+                      
  |                    |  +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |                    +--+                   
  |                       +-- Pseudunio **       
  |                                           
--+                       +-- Hyriinae        
  |                 +-----+                   
  |                 |     +-- Velesunioninae  
  |  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Monocondylaeinae
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Etheria         
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Aspathariinae   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Rectidentini    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudodontini   
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Ambleminae      
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Gonideini       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Chamberlainiini 
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Lamprotulini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 7 3 130 1 1 6.0 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
  |                      
--+  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     |  |                
     +--+-- Pseudunio **    
        |                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 3 1 1 4.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 19 2 1 4.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 37 1 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 3 17 3 1 1.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 3 17 3 1 3.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 11 11 7 3 190 2 1 5.0 
  +-------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
  |                                 
--+  +----- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  |  |                              
  +--+  +-- Cumberlandia **            
     |  |                           
     +--+-- Pseudunio **               
        |                           
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 51 1 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 11 11 9 3 188 2 1 1.0 
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Margaritifera **           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **            
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudunio **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 11 11 7 3 190 2 1 5.0 
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Cumberlandia **            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Pseudunio **               
        +--+                           
           +-- Margaritifera **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 5 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 9 3 3 3 1 5.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 3 35 1 1 6.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 3 35 1 1 6.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 10 12 10 3 24 2 1 4.0 
     +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
  |  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  |  +--+                   
  |     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
  |     +--+                
--+        +-- Pseudunio **    
  |                         
  |        +-- Ambleminae   
  |     +--+                
  |     |  +-- Parreysiinae 
  +-----+                   
        |  +-- Gonideinae   
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 10 10 8 3 24 2 1 0.0 
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Margaritifera **           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **            
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudunio **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 10 12 10 3 59 2 1 6.0 
     +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
  |  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  |  +--+                   
  |     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+     +--+                
  |        +-- Pseudunio **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Ambleminae   
        +--+                
           +-- Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 10 12 10 3 59 2 1 6.0 
           +-------- Cumberlandia **   
  +--------+                        
  |        |  +----- Pseudunio **      
  |        +--+                     
  |           |  +-- Gibbosulinae   
--+           +--+                  
  |              +-- Margaritifera **  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Unioninae      
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Ambleminae     
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 10 12 10 3 59 2 1 4.0 
     +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                      
  |  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  |  +--+                   
  |     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+     +--+                
  |        +-- Margaritifera **
  |                         
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Ambleminae   
        +--+                
           +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 3 85 1 1 5.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 68 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 68 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 63 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 3 85 1 1 5.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 68 1 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 8 3 67 1 1 6.0 
           +-------- Cumberlandia **   
  +--------+                        
  |        |  +----- Gibbosulinae   
  |        +--+                     
  |           |  +-- Pseudunio **      
--+           +--+                  
  |              +-- Margaritifera **  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Gonideini      
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ambleminae     
              +--+                  
                 +-- Unioninae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 9 10 8 3 67 1 1 4.0 
           +-------- Cumberlandia **   
  +--------+                        
  |        |  +----- Margaritifera **  
  |        +--+                     
  |           |  +-- Gibbosulinae   
--+           +--+                  
  |              +-- Pseudunio **      
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Gonideini      
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ambleminae     
              +--+                  
                 +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 90 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 90 2 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 82 1 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 80 1 1 7.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 11 15 13 3 15 4 1 12.0 
              +-- Ambleminae               
  +-----------+                            
  |           +-- Gonideinae               
  |                                        
--+  +----------- Pseudunio_marocanus **      
  |  |                                     
  |  |        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
  +--+        |                            
     |  +-----+-- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
     |  |     |                            
     +--+     +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **      
        |                                  
        |  +----- Gibbosulinae             
        +--+                               
           |  +-- Cumberlandia **             
           +--+                            
              +-- Margaritifera **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 3 129 3 1 5.0 
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 11 14 12 3 622 3 1 8.0 
           +-- Gonideinae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Margaritifera **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 1 0 0 9.0 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera **
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 4 3 4 0 0 4.0 
     +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae    
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  |  |                
  +--+-- Cumberlandia ** 
     |                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 5 0 0 3.0 
        +-- Unionini     
        |                
  +-----+-- Anodontini   
  |     |                
--+     +-- Ambleminae   
  |                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 7 7 3 3 5 0 0 6.0 
           +-- Ambleminae                    
  +--------+                                 
  |        +-- Unioninae                     
  |                                          
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_dahurica **        
--+  |                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
  |  |                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |  |                                       
  +--+-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__3 **
     |                                       
     |     +-- Pseudunio **                     
     +-----+                                 
     |     +-- Cumberlandia **                  
     |                                       
     |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **         
     +--+                                    
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **    
        +--+                                 
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 6 6 2 3 2 0 0 12.0 
  +----------- Unioninae                    
  |                                         
--+  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **  
  |  |                                      
  |  |  +----- Cumberlandia **                 
  +--+  |                                   
     |  |  +-- Pseudunio **                    
     |  |  |                                
     +--+  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **       
        |  |                                
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__1 **
        |  |                                
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__2 **
        +--+                                
           +-- Margaritifera_falcata__1 **     
           |                                
           +-- Margaritifera_falcata__2 **     
           |                                
           +-- Margaritifera_falcata__3 **     
           |                                
           +-- Margaritifera_falcata__4 **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 3 30 0 0 6.0 
        +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Ambleminae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 1 0 0 5.0 
  +-------- Unioninae    
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 3 1 0 0 4.0 
  +-------- Unioninae    
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 8 8 5 3 1 0 0 8.0 
  +-------------- Unioninae                  
  |                                          
  |  +----------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
--+  |                                       
  |  |     +----- Margaritifera_dahurica__1 **  
  |  |     |                                 
  |  +-----+----- Margaritifera_dahurica__2 **  
  +--+     |                                 
     |     |  +-- Pseudunio **                  
     |     +--+                              
     |        +-- Cumberlandia **               
     |                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 3 1 0 0 4.0 
  +-------- Unioninae    
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 8 8 6 3 2 0 0 6.0 
  +----------- Ambleminae            
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius **
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **          
        +--+                         
           +-- Margaritifera **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 8 8 6 3 2 0 0 7.0 
  +-------- Ambleminae               
  |                                  
--+  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
  |  |                               
  +--+----- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
     |                               
     |  +-- Cumberlandia **             
     +--+                            
        +-- Margaritifera **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unioninae    
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 19 0 0 9.0 
     +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Pseudunio **    
  |                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 19 0 0 9.0 
     +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 44 0 0 9.0 
     +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Margaritifera **
  |                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.833 2 2 0 2 19 1 1 -- 
                    +-- Margaritifera **          
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Cumberlandia **           
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Anodontini             
  |  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotulina        
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 43 1 1 7.0 
  +----- Gibbosulinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 52 1 1 -- 
  +----- Gibbosulinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Pseudunio **   
  +--+               
     +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 45 1 1 7.0 
  +----- Gibbosulinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 3 19 5 2 16 0 0 23.0 
  +----------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera **      
  |                               
  |  +-------- Gonideinae         
--+  |                            
  |  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |  |     |                      
  |  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |  |     |                      
  +--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Unionini           
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Utterbackia        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
        +--+                      
           +-- Megalonaias        
           |                      
           +-- Obliquaria         
           |                      
           +-- Theliderma         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 24 0 0 7.0 
     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 25 0 0 7.0 
     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 3 22 4 2 19 0 0 25.0 
  +----------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                               
  +----------- None__2            
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera **      
--+                               
  |  +-------- None__1            
  |  |                            
  |  |  +----- Anodontina         
  |  |  |                         
  |  |  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  +--+  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Utterbackia        
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Megalonaias        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Obliquaria         
        |  |                      
        +--+-- Theliderma         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus          
           |                      
           +-- Amblema            
           |                      
           +-- Elliptio           
           |                      
           +-- Fusconaia          
           |                      
           +-- Plectomerus        
           |                      
           +-- Pleurobema         
           |                      
           +-- Unionini

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 3 22 3 2 19 0 0 25.0 
  +-------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                            
  +-------- None__1            
  |                            
  +-------- None__2            
  |                            
  +-------- Margaritifera **      
  |                            
--+  +----- Anodontina         
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Megalonaias        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Obliquaria         
     |  |                      
     +--+-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus          
        |                      
        +-- Amblema            
        |                      
        +-- Elliptio           
        |                      
        +-- Fusconaia          
        |                      
        +-- Plectomerus        
        |                      
        +-- Aculamprotulina    
        |                      
        +-- Unionina

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 28 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 32 0 0 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
        +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Gonideinae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unioninae    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
                       +-- Cumberlandia **           
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Margaritifera **          
  |                                               
  |  +-------------------- Amblemini              
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae           
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Eurynia                
--+  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Fusconaia              
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Gonideinae             
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Pleurobema             
  |  |                                            
  |  +-------------------- Quadrulini             
  +--+                                            
     |        +----------- Ortmanniana            
     +--------+                                   
     |        |  +-------- Glebula                
     |        +--+                                
     |           |  +----- Potamilus              
     |           +--+                             
     |              |  +-- Ligumia                
     |              +--+                          
     |                 +-- Toxolasma              
     |                                            
     |  +----------------- Cyrtonaias             
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------------- Unionini               
        |  |                                      
        |  |  +----------- Anodontini             
        +--+  |                                   
           |  |     +----- Iridininae             
           |  |     |                             
           +--+  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
              |  |  |  |                          
              |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
              |  |     |                          
              +--+     +-- Monocondylaeinae       
                 |                                
                 |  +----- Rhipidodontini         
                 |  |                             
                 |  +----- Echyridella            
                 +--+                             
                    +----- Lortiella              
                    |                             
                    |  +-- Castaliini             
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Velesunio

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 2 34 0 2 32 0 0 40.0 
  +----------------- Cumberlandia **   
  |                                 
--+----------------- Margaritifera **  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Sinosolenaia   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
              +--+                  
                 +-- Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 2 34 0 2 32 0 0 40.0 
  +-------- Cumberlandia **   
  |                        
  +-------- Margaritifera **  
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
  +--+  |                  
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Lamprotulini   
        |                  
        +-- Sinosolenaia   
        |                  
        +-- Ambleminae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
                                +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----------------------------+                
  |                             +-- Margaritifera **
--+                                              
  |  +----------------------------- Gonideinae   
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae 
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia    
        |  |                                     
        |  +----------------------- Amblemini    
        +--+                                     
           |  +-------------------- Quadrulini   
           |  |                                  
           +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema   
              |  |                               
              +--+  +-------------- Eurynia      
                 |  |                            
                 |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias   
                 +--+-----------+                
                    |           +-- Unioninae    
                    |                            
                    |  +----------- Ortmanniana  
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-------- Glebula      
                       +--+                      
                          |  +----- Potamilus    
                          +--+                   
                             |  +-- Ligumia      
                             +--+                
                                +-- Toxolasma

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
              +-- Cumberlandia **    
  +-----------+                   
  |           +-- Margaritifera **   
  |                               
  |     +-------- Parreysiinae    
  |  +--+                         
--+  |  |  +----- Unioninae       
  |  |  +--+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Gonideinae      
  |  |     +--+                   
  |  |        +-- Ambleminae      
  +--+                            
     |     +----- Iridininae      
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
     |  |  +--+                   
     |  |     +-- Anodontitinae   
     +--+                         
        |     +-- Castaliini      
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Rhipidodontini  
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Echyridella     
           +--+                   
              +-- Velesunioninae

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudunio **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 100 0 0 -- 
           +-- Margaritifera **  
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Cumberlandia **   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
  |  |                        
  +--+-------- Unioninae      
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 100 0 0 -- 
           +-- Cumberlandia **   
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Margaritifera **  
  |                           
--+        +-- Chamberlainiini
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Unioninae      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Gonideini      
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamprotulini

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 -- 
           +-- Margaritifera **
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini
  |  |                      
  +--+  +----- Parreysiinae 
     |  |                   
     |  +----- Rectidentini 
     +--+                   
        +----- Unioninae    
        |                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 11 0 0 8.0 
        +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Gonideinae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unioninae    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 0 0 -- 
                    +-- Margaritifera ** 
  +-----------------+                 
  |                 +-- Cumberlandia **  
--+                                   
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae  
  +--+                                
     |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria
     +--+                             
        |  +----------- Unioninae     
        +--+                          
           |  +-------- Rectidentini  
           +--+                       
              |  +----- Ambleminae    
              +--+                    
                 |  +-- Gonideini     
                 +--+                 
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 -- 
              +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                            
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Rectidentini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unioninae    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Gonideini    
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 44 0 0 -- 
                    +-- Margaritifera **   
  +-----------------+                   
  |                 +-- Cumberlandia **    
  |                                     
--+                 +-- Velesunioninae  
  |  +--------------+                   
  |  |              +-- Hyriinae        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Mulleria        
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Etheria         
           |  |                         
           +--+     +-- Monocondylaeinae
              |  +--+                   
              |  |  +-- Anodontitinae   
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridininae      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Aspathariinae

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 34 0 0 6.0 
                 +-- Cumberlandia **   
  +--------------+                  
  |              +-- Margaritifera **  
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Quadrulina     
  |  |                              
  |  |        +----- Lamprotulini   
  +--+  +-----+                     
     |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  |     +--+                  
     +--+        +-- Unioninae      
        |                           
        |  +-------- Megalonaias    
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Pleurobemini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Amblemini      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Lampsilini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
                    +-- Margaritifera **   
  +-----------------+                   
  |                 +-- Cumberlandia **    
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Aspathariinae   
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Iridininae      
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mycetopodinae   
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Monocondylaeinae
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
     |  |                               
     +--+           +-- Pseudodontini   
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        +-- Rectidentini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Unioninae       
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Gonideini       
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Lamprotulini    
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 0 0 -- 
     +-- Margaritifera ** 
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Cumberlandia **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Velesunioninae
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriinae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 38 0 0 -- 
           +-- Margaritifera **
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unioninae    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Ambleminae   
        +--+                
           +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 15 0 0 -- 
     +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 79 0 0 -- 
                                +-- Cumberlandia **    
  +-----------------------------+                   
  |                             +-- Margaritifera **   
  |                                                 
  |                    +----------- Iridininae      
--+  +-----------------+                            
  |  |                 |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  |  |                 +--+                         
  |  |                    |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |                    +--+                      
  +--+                       |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
     |                       +--+                   
     |                          +-- Mycetopodinae   
     |                                              
     |  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae    
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------------- Unioninae       
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +-------------------- Rectidentini    
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------------- Ambleminae      
              |  |                                  
              |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini 
              +--+  +-----------+                   
                 |  |           +-- Lamprotulini    
                 |  |                               
                 +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia   
                    |  +--------+                   
                    |  |        +-- Pseudodontini   
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-------- Sinosolenaia    
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Gonidea         
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Microcondylaea  
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Leguminaia

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 23 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unioninae    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 23 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 29 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudunio **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 35 0 0 8.0 
              +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Margaritifera **
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unioninae    
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini   
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Hyriinae     
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Amblemini    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pleurobemini 
           +--+                
              +-- Quadrulini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 0 0 -- 
        +-- Pseudunio **   
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Cumberlandia **
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 37 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 35 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 0 0 -- 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 26 0 0 -- 
     +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 27 0 0 -- 
     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 24 0 0 -- 
     +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 41 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 41 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 17 0 0 -- 
        +-- Margaritifera **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unioninae    
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 29 0 0 -- 
     +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 45 0 0 7.0 
        +-- Pseudunio **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 43 0 0 -- 
                    +-- Margaritifera **  
  +-----------------+                  
  |                 +-- Pseudunio **      
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |  |                                 
  |  |        +-------- Parreysiinae   
  +--+  +-----+                        
     |  |     |  +----- Unioninae      
     |  |     +--+                     
     |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+        +--+                  
        |           +-- Discomya       
        |                              
        |  +----------- Rectidentini   
        |  |                           
        +--+        +-- Schepmaniini   
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Pseudodontini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Caudiculatus   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Potomida       
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 50 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 4 5 0 1 113 1 1 9.0 
     +-- Parreysiinae               
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Gonideinae                 
  |                                 
--+  +-- Gibbosulinae               
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |  |                              
  +--+-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
     |                              
     +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     |                              
     +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 32 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 12 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 1 1 0 1 48 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Sinosolenaia 
  |                
--+-- Leguminaia   
  |                
  +-- Gonidea      
  |                
  +-- Lamprotula   
  |                
  +-- Potomida

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 44 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 44 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 43 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 40 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 63 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 64 1 1 -- 
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Lamprotulini 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------- Margaritifera ** 
  |                                      
  |              +-------- Unionini      
--+  +-----------+                       
  |  |           |  +----- Pleurobemini  
  |  |           +--+                    
  |  |              |  +-- Anodontini    
  +--+              +--+                 
     |                 +-- Lampsilini    
     |                                   
     |  +----------------- Parreysiini   
     |  |                                
     +--+  +-------------- Coelaturini   
        |  |                             
        |  |     +-------- Castaliini    
        +--+  +--+                       
           |  |  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
           |  |  +--+                    
           |  |     |  +-- Hyridellini   
           +--+     +--+                 
              |        +-- Velesunioninae
              |                          
              |  +-------- Iridininae    
              |  |                       
              +--+  +----- Anodontitinae 
                 |  |                    
                 +--+----- Mycetopodinae 
                    |                    
                    |  +-- Etheria       
                    +--+                 
                       +-- Mulleria

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia **  
  |                    
  |  +-- Unioninae     
--+--+                 
  |  +-- Ambleminae    
  |                    
  |  +-- Velesunioninae
  +--+                 
     +-- Hyriinae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
  +----- Cumberlandia **
  |                  
--+----- Lampsilini  
  |                  
  +----- Amblemini   
  |                  
  |  +-- Quadrulini  
  +--+               
     +-- Pleurobemini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae   
  |               
--+-- Cumberlandia **
  |               
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unioninae   
  |                  
  +----- Cumberlandia **
  |                  
--+----- Quadrulini  
  |                  
  +----- Lampsilini  
  |                  
  |  +-- Amblemini   
  +--+               
     +-- Pleurobemini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae   
  |               
--+-- Cumberlandia **
  |               
  +-- Ambleminae

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
  |                         
--+        +-- Quadrulini   
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lampsilini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Amblemini    
        +--+                
           +-- Pleurobemini

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                            
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Rectidentini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unioninae    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Gonideini    
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Ambleminae

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 31 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
--+  +-- Pleurobemini 
  |  |                
  +--+-- Lampsilini   
     |                
     +-- Unioninae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
--+-- Anodontini   
  |                
  +-- Unionini

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
--+-- Anodontini   
  |                
  +-- Unionini

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae  
--+               
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                            
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Gonidea      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversidens  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Unioninae    
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                            
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Gonidea      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversidens  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Unioninae    
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia **
--+                  
  |  +-- Unioninae   
  +--+               
     +-- Ambleminae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae   
  |               
--+-- Cumberlandia **
  |               
  +-- Ambleminae

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Gonideinae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Ambleminae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Ambleminae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontini   
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera ** 
  |                          
--+----------- Velesunioninae
  |                          
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae  
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Unioninae     
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Ambleminae    
        +--+                 
           +-- Gonideinae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 7.0 
-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unioninae    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Gonideinae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
--+-- Unioninae    
  |                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Aspathariinae
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Aspathariinae
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Cumberlandia **
  |                        
--+  +-------- Amblemini   
  |  |                     
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     +-------- Lampsilini  
     |                     
     |  +----- Quadrulini  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Gonideinae  
        +--+               
           +-- Unioninae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Aspathariinae
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Aspathariinae
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unioninae    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Aspathariinae
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Margaritifera **
  |                            
  |           +-- Anodontina   
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Utterbackia  
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Gonideinae   
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pyganodon    
           +--+                
              +-- Cristariina

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia **
  |                  
--+  +-- Gonideinae  
  |  |               
  +--+-- Unioninae   
     |               
     +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
  +----- Cumberlandia **
  |                  
--+  +-- Gonideinae  
  |  |               
  +--+-- Unioninae   
     |               
     +-- Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.000 2 15 15 1 14 0 0 23.0 
  +----------------- Neotrigonia                   
  |                                                
--+  +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |  |                                             
  +--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
     |  +--------+                                 
     |  |        +-- Margaritifera_falcata **         
     +--+                                          
        |  +-------- Unioninae                     
        |  |                                       
        +--+     +-- Pleurobemini                  
           |  +--+                                 
           |  |  +-- Gonideinae                    
           +--+                                    
              |  +-- Lampsilini                    
              +--+                                 
                 +-- Quadrulini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unioninae    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Quadrulini   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lampsilini   
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unioninae    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lampsilini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Quadrulini   
        +--+                
           +-- Gonideinae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Quadrulini   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lampsilini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Gonideinae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 2 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 31 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Pseudunio **   
--+                        
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Ambleminae  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Unioninae   
        +--+               
           +-- Gonideinae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Margaritifera **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Etheria         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Iridininae      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Monocondylaeinae
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodontitinae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unioninae    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Parreysiinae

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Parreysiinae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Cumberlandia **
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 51 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **  
  |                           
  |  +-------- Quadrulini     
--+  |                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini   
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Amblemini      
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Lampsilini     
     |                        
     |     +-- Lamprotulini   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Gonideini      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+                  
           +-- Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia **
--+               
  +-- Hyriinae

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 104 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Cumberlandia **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Cumberlandia **
--+                     
  |  +----- Ambleminae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Cumberlandia **
--+               
  +-- Hyriinae

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unioninae 
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unioninae 
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unioninae    
        +--+                
           +-- Parreysiinae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 55 0 0 -- 
  +-- Hyriinae     
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                
     +-- Ambleminae

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Ambleminae

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 120 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------- Margaritifera **  
  |                                       
  |                    +-- Anodontitinae  
  |                 +--+                  
--+                 |  +-- Mycetopodinae  
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Etheria        
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Aspathariinae  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------------- Unioninae      
        |  |                              
        +--+  +----------- Rectidentini   
           |  |                           
           +--+  +-------- Ambleminae     
              |  |                        
              +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
                 |  +--+                  
                 |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Gonideini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 0 1 32 0 0 8.0 
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
--+----- Ambleminae   
  |                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
--+                      
  |  +----- Ambleminae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gonideinae   
     +--+                
        +-- Unioninae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unioninae 
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Parreysiinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 13 0 0 7.0 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Parreysiinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Margaritifera **
  |                      
--+     +-- Parreysiinae 
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unioninae    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pseudunio **
--+            
  +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Parreysiinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Parreysiinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 51 0 0 -- 
  +----------- Margaritifera **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Ambleminae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Gonideinae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Parreysiinae 
        +--+                
           +-- Unioninae

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 25 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gonideinae

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 73 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Ambleminae   
  +--+                
     +-- Unioninae

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Unioninae 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Ambleminae
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Pseudunio ** 
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Gonideinae
     +--+             
        +-- Unioninae

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
  +----------------- Margaritifera **
  |                               
  |  +-------------- Echyridella  
  |  |                            
--+  +-------------- Westralunio  
  |  |                            
  |  +-------------- Hyridellini  
  |  |                            
  |  |           +-- Velesunio    
  +--+        +--+                
     |        |  +-- Alathyria    
     +--------+                   
     |        |  +-- Lortiella    
     |        +--+                
     |           +-- Microdontia  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Diplodon     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Guyanhyrida  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Castaliini   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Iridea       
              +--+                
                 +-- Hyriini

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +-- Hyriinae     
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **