Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini

subtribe OXYNAIINA Starobogatov, 1970: cladomics

12 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 51 (57 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 12
analyzed in 136 cladograms in 82 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 25 (mean = 6.99, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 3.32, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 119
maximum number of included terminals = 25, (mean = 7.84 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 3.65, median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.83

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 93
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 25 (mean = 8.68, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 4.13, median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.83

Cladograms

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 16 13 7 32 9 4 0 
  +-------------------- Globunionina      
  |                                       
--+  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |  |                                    
  |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
  +--+  +-----------+                     
     |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
        |  |                              
        |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
        +--+--------+                     
           |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
           |                              
           |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Inversiunio **       
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Unionina

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 5 3 1 1 28 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Nodularia **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 5 3 1 1 28 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Nodularia **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 5 52 25 3 27 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                       
  |  +----------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Nodularia **         
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Cuneopsis **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 5 42 10 3 26 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                       
  |  +----------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Nodularia **         
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 5 31 11 2 25 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 5 35 11 2 24 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 6 67 9 2 24 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unionina       
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Tongchuania **    
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 15 5 104 10 3 14 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
--+  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Unionina          
     |  |                              
     +--+  +-------- Nodularia **         
        |  |                           
        +--+  +----- Schistodesmus **     
           |  |                        
           +--+----- Cuneopsis **         
              |                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Inversiunio **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 5 72 12 3 19 
  +----------------- Globunionina   
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Unionina       
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 6 24 9 2 16 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unionina       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Inversiunio **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 17 14 7 27 4 3 1 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                              
     |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
     +--+--------+                     
        |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Inversiunio **       
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unionina

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 17 14 7 27 4 3 1 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                              
     |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
     +--+--------+                     
        |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Inversiunio **       
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unionina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 39 4 2 19 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 15 11 7 32 9 4 4 
  +----------------------- Globunionina      
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaiina
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +-------------- Nodularia **         
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
           +--+--------+                     
              |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
              |                              
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Unionina          
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Inversiunio **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 7 28 5 3 8 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unionina       
  |  |                              
  |  |           +-- Tchangsinaia **   
  +--+  +--------+                  
     |  |        +-- Inversiunio **    
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Cuneopsis **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Nodularia **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Diaurora **       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 4 0 0 0 20 
  +----- Nodularia **      
  |                     
--+  +-- Cuneopsis **      
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |                  
     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 7 28 5 3 8 
  +----------------------- Globunionina   
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Unionina       
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Inversiunio **    
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Nodularia **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Diaurora **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 5 80 11 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
     |  |                        
     +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
        |                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 84 11 2 17 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina          
  |                                              
--+  +----------------- Unionina                 
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **          
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------- Nodularia **                
        |  |                                     
        +--+        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
           |  +-----+                            
           |  |     +-- Cuneopsis **                
           +--+                                  
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia **             
              +--+                               
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
                 +--+                            
                    +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 33 5 1 17 
  +----------------- Schistodesmus **        
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Nodularia **            
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **         
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
              +--+                        
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 35 5 1 15 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Nodularia **      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 13 11 3 3 1 1 21 
           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina    
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
           +--+                         
              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 11 3 1 20 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 84 11 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 47 24 4 189 9 2 51 
  +-------- Acuticosta           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolaria          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus **        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia **            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 5 80 11 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
     |  |                        
     +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
        |                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 4 189 9 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 62 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 5 31 11 2 20 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 6 13 3 2 14 
  +-------- Unionina       
  |                        
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  |                        
--+  +----- Cuneopsis **      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Nodularia **      
  |  +--+                  
  +--+  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     |                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Inversiunio **    
        |                  
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 6 1 1 1 15.5 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Nodularia **      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Inversiunio **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 12 11 4 1 1 1 18 
  +----------- Nodularia **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unionina     
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 6 13 3 2 16 
  +----------------- Unionina       
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **      
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Inversiunio **    
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 188 9 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 23 
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 6 13 3 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina       
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **      
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Inversiunio **    
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 11 9 2 3 3 2 18 
  +-------- Unionina          
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 10 8 3 2 1 1 20 
  +-------- Tchangsinaia **      
--+                           
  |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                     
        +-- Cuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 13 3 3 18 
  +----------- Unionina          
  |                              
--+  +-------- Middendorffinaiina
  |  |                           
  +--+  +----- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                        
     +--+----- Nodularia **         
        |                        
        |  +-- Inversiunio **       
        +--+                     
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 5 9 4 2 16 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 13 3 3 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                    
  |  +-------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                 
     |  +----------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                              
        |  +-------- Nodularia **         
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **         
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Inversiunio **       
              +--+                     
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 12 13 4 25 0 0 21 
           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Nodularia **    
  |                         
--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Acuticosta   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversiunio **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesma  
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolaria

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 6 3 3 19 
  +-------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **         
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 18 
  +-- Nodularia **      
--+                  
  +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 5 9 5 2 20 
  +----------- Unionina       
  |                           
--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Cuneopsis **      
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 61 6 2 19 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Inversiunio **    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 11 5 2 16 
  +-------- Unionina     
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                
        +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 46 2 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Tchangsinaia **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 6 4 24 1 1 17 
           +-- Schistodesmus **        
  +--------+                        
  |        +-- Aculamprotulina      
  |                                 
--+        +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Nodularia **            
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
        +--+                        
           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 46 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  |                           
--+  +-------- Unionina       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Nodularia **      
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 24 1 1 18 
  +----------------- Nodularia **               
  |                                          
  |           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens__2 **  
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        |  +-- Schistodesmus **           
  |  |        +--+                           
  +--+           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__2 **
     |                                       
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **            
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__1 **
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__2 ** 
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__1 ** 
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens__1 **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 0 0 19 
1

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 8 4 1 17 
  +----- Unionina     
  |                   
--+  +-- Schistodesmus **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Cuneopsis **    
     |                
     +-- Nodularia **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 7 4 61 6 2 19 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Inversiunio **    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 61 6 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Inversiunio **    
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 62 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 1 1 19 
  +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+                     
  +-- Nodularia **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 17 
  +-- Cuneopsis **    
--+                
  +-- Schistodesmus **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 7 0 0 17 
  +-------------- Tchangsinaia **       
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Cuneopsis_heudei **   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Nodularia **          
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **    
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
           +--+                      
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 48 7 2 18 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis **      
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Nodularia **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 10 0 4 119 4 2 18 
  +-- Unio_crassus         
  |                        
  +-- Unio_pictorum        
  |                        
  +-- Unio_tumidus         
  |                        
  +-- Aculamprotulina      
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
--+                        
  +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae ** 
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **
  |                        
  +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 24 5 2 18 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Tchangsinaia **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 0 0 0 16 
  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 2 0 0 14 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 70 4 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotulina     
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia **           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 22 5 4 28 1 1 40 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia **              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 3 4 133 4 2 17 
  +----------- Unionina            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina     
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
  +--+                             
     +-------- Nodularia **           
     |                             
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
        +--+                       
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 85 5 2 13 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 133 4 2 15 
  +-------------- Unionina       
--+                              
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 70 4 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotulina     
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia **           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 85 5 2 13 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 74 5 2 15 
  +-------------- Unionina       
--+                              
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 17 
  +-- Tchangsinaia **
--+               
  +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 44 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 4 0 0 17 
1

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 41 8 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 48 2 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 6 5 2 1 1 1 16 
  +----- Nodularia **
--+               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **
  +--+            
     +-- Unionina

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 5 2 17 0 0 16 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 36 7 2 15 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 52 8 3 14 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Unionina          
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Nodularia **         
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 33 3 2 17 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 35 3 2 17 
  +-------- Unionina     
--+                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Nodularia **    
     +--+                
        +-- Tchangsinaia **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 9 3 17 3 1 21 
     +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Nodularia **      
  |                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolaria    
     +--+                  
        +-- Acuticosta

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 4 4 1 16 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 20 7 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 35 7 2 16.5 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 41 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 7 5 3 31 0 0 19 
     +----- Acuticosta   
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Nodularia **    
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolaria  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                
        +-- Lepidodesma

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 21 0 0 15 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 14 5 3 31 0 0 26 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticosta   
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolaria  
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 53 8 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 28 5 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 8 5 2 15 
  +----- Unionina          
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
  +--+                     
     +-- Nodularia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 41 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 45 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 28 4 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 29 4 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 12 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 5 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **      
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 10 0 0 15 
  +----- Nodularia **  
--+                 
  |  +-- Lanceolaria
  +--+              
     +-- Inversiunio **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 1 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 14 2 1 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Nodularia **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Nodularia **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Cuneopsis **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 1 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Nodularia **   
  +--+               
     +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
1

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 0 0 -- 
  +-- Inversiunio **
--+              
  +-- Nodularia **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 3 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Cuneopsis **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 81 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina 
--+            
  +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 17 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 17 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 13 2 2 16 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Nodularia **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 5 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Unionina

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 4 2 -- 
  +----- Middendorffinaiina
--+                        
  |  +-- Nodularia **         
  +--+                     
     +-- Unionina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 4 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus **  
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 2 1 -- 
-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 4 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus **  
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 2 1 -- 
-- Nodularia_douglasiae **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 4 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Unionina

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 13 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 6 1 -- 
-- Nodularia_douglasiae **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 2 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **  
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina