Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini

subtribe OXYNAIINA Starobogatov, 1970: cladomics

12 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 51 (57 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 12
analyzed in 137 cladograms in 83 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 25 (mean = 6.94, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 3.3, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 119
maximum number of included terminals = 25, (mean = 7.84 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 3.65, median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.83

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 93
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 25 (mean = 8.68, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 7 (mean = 4.13, median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.83

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Oxynaiina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Oxynaiina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 16 13 7 32 9 4 0 
  +-------------------- Globunionina      
  |                                       
--+  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |  |                                    
  |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
  +--+  +-----------+                     
     |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
        |  |                              
        |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
        +--+--------+                     
           |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
           |                              
           |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Inversiunio **       
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Unionina

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 5 3 1 1 28 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Nodularia **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 5 3 1 1 28 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Nodularia **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 5 52 25 3 27 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                       
  |  +----------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Nodularia **         
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Cuneopsis **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 5 42 10 3 26 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                       
  |  +----------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Nodularia **         
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **     
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 5 31 11 2 25 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 6 67 9 2 24 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unionina       
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Tongchuania **    
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 5 35 11 2 24 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 15 5 104 10 3 14 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
--+  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Unionina          
     |  |                              
     +--+  +-------- Nodularia **         
        |  |                           
        +--+  +----- Schistodesmus **     
           |  |                        
           +--+----- Cuneopsis **         
              |                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Inversiunio **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 5 72 12 3 19 
  +----------------- Globunionina   
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Unionina       
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 6 24 9 2 16 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Unionina       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Inversiunio **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 17 14 7 27 4 3 1 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                              
     |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
     +--+--------+                     
        |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Inversiunio **       
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unionina

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 39 4 2 19 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 17 14 7 27 4 3 1 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |                                    
  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                              
     |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
     +--+--------+                     
        |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Inversiunio **       
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unionina

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 7 28 5 3 8 
  +----------------------- Globunionina   
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Unionina       
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Inversiunio **    
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Nodularia **      
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Diaurora **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 7 28 5 3 8 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Unionina       
  |  |                              
  |  |           +-- Tchangsinaia **   
  +--+  +--------+                  
     |  |        +-- Inversiunio **    
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Cuneopsis **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Nodularia **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Diaurora **       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 15 11 7 32 9 4 4 
  +----------------------- Globunionina      
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina   
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaiina
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +-------------- Nodularia **         
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
           +--+--------+                     
              |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
              |                              
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Unionina          
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Inversiunio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 4 0 0 0 20 
  +----- Nodularia **      
  |                     
--+  +-- Cuneopsis **      
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |                  
     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 84 11 2 17 
  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina          
  |                                              
--+  +----------------- Unionina                 
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **          
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------- Nodularia **                
        |  |                                     
        +--+        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **
           |  +-----+                            
           |  |     +-- Cuneopsis **                
           +--+                                  
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia **             
              +--+                               
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis ** 
                 +--+                            
                    +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 33 5 1 17 
  +----------------- Schistodesmus **        
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Nodularia **            
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **         
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
              +--+                        
                 +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 11 3 1 20 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 5 80 11 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
     |  |                        
     +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
        |                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 35 5 1 15 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Nodularia **      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 62 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 5 80 11 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
     |  |                        
     +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
        |                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 4 189 9 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 5 84 11 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 47 24 4 189 9 2 51 
  +-------- Acuticosta           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesma          
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolaria          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus **        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia **            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 13 11 3 3 1 1 21 
           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina    
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
           +--+                         
              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 23 
1

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 6 13 3 2 16 
  +----------------- Unionina       
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **      
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Inversiunio **    
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 5 31 11 2 20 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 188 9 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 6 1 1 1 15.5 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Nodularia **      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Inversiunio **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 6 13 3 2 14 
  +-------- Unionina       
  |                        
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  |                        
--+  +----- Cuneopsis **      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Nodularia **      
  |  +--+                  
  +--+  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     |                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Inversiunio **    
        |                  
        +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 12 11 4 1 1 1 18 
  +----------- Nodularia **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unionina     
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 11 9 2 3 3 2 18 
  +-------- Unionina          
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 6 13 3 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina       
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **      
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Inversiunio **    
              +--+                  
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 13 3 3 18 
  +----------- Unionina          
  |                              
--+  +-------- Middendorffinaiina
  |  |                           
  +--+  +----- Cuneopsis **         
     |  |                        
     +--+----- Nodularia **         
        |                        
        |  +-- Inversiunio **       
        +--+                     
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 10 8 3 2 1 1 20 
  +-------- Tchangsinaia **      
--+                           
  |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **   
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                     
        +-- Cuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 13 3 3 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina   
--+                                    
  |  +-------------- Unionina          
  +--+                                 
     |  +----------- Middendorffinaiina
     +--+                              
        |  +-------- Nodularia **         
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **         
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Inversiunio **       
              +--+                     
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 5 9 4 2 16 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 12 13 4 25 0 0 21 
           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Nodularia **    
  |                         
--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Acuticosta   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversiunio **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesma  
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolaria

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 18 
  +-- Nodularia **      
--+                  
  +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 6 3 3 19 
  +-------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **         
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 5 9 5 2 20 
  +----------- Unionina       
  |                           
--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Cuneopsis **      
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 61 6 2 17 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Inversiunio **    
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 24 1 1 18 
  +----------------- Nodularia **               
  |                                          
  |           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens__2 **  
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        |  +-- Schistodesmus **           
  |  |        +--+                           
  +--+           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__2 **
     |                                       
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **            
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------- Cuneopsis_celtiformis__1 **
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__2 ** 
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii__1 ** 
              +--+                           
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens__1 **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 62 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 7 0 0 17 
  +-------------- Tchangsinaia **       
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Cuneopsis_heudei **   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Nodularia **          
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **    
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
           +--+                      
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 0 0 19 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 1 1 19 
  +-- Middendorffinaiina
--+                     
  +-- Nodularia **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 17 
  +-- Cuneopsis **    
--+                
  +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 46 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  |                           
--+  +-------- Unionina       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Nodularia **      
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 4 61 6 2 19 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Inversiunio **    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 46 2 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 7 4 61 6 2 19 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Inversiunio **    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Nodularia **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 8 4 1 17 
  +----- Unionina     
  |                   
--+  +-- Schistodesmus **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Cuneopsis **    
     |                
     +-- Nodularia **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 11 5 2 16 
  +-------- Unionina     
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                
        +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 5 67 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Tchangsinaia **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 6 4 24 1 1 17 
           +-- Schistodesmus **        
  +--------+                        
  |        +-- Aculamprotulina      
  |                                 
--+        +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Nodularia **            
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
        +--+                        
           +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 10 0 4 119 4 2 18 
  +-- Unio_crassus         
  |                        
  +-- Unio_pictorum        
  |                        
  +-- Unio_tumidus         
  |                        
  +-- Aculamprotulina      
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
--+                        
  +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae ** 
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **
  |                        
  +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 85 5 2 13 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 70 4 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotulina     
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia **           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 85 5 2 13 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 48 7 2 18 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis **      
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Nodularia **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 3 4 133 4 2 17 
  +----------- Unionina            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina     
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
  +--+                             
     +-------- Nodularia **           
     |                             
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
        +--+                       
           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 74 5 2 15 
  +-------------- Unionina       
--+                              
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 5 24 5 2 18 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Tchangsinaia **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 0 0 0 16 
  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 70 4 2 15 
  +----------------- Unionina            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotulina     
  +--+                                   
     |  +----------- Nodularia **           
     +--+                                
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
              +--+                       
                 +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 2 0 0 14 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 22 5 4 28 1 1 40 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia **              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 133 4 2 15 
  +-------------- Unionina       
--+                              
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 48 2 2 16 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+  +----------- Unionina       
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 41 8 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 5 44 9 2 17 
  +----------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unionina       
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Nodularia **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                  
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 4 0 0 17 
1

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 17 
  +-- Tchangsinaia **
--+               
  +-- Nodularia **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 6 5 2 1 1 1 16 
  +----- Nodularia **
--+               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **
  +--+            
     +-- Unionina

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 4 4 1 16 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 52 8 3 14 
  +-------------- Middendorffinaiina
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Unionina          
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Nodularia **         
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
           +--+                     
              +-- Cuneopsis **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 5 2 17 0 0 16 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 35 3 2 17 
  +-------- Unionina     
--+                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Nodularia **    
     +--+                
        +-- Tchangsinaia **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 36 7 2 15 
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Nodularia **      
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Schistodesmus **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 11 9 3 17 3 1 21 
     +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Nodularia **      
  |                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolaria    
     +--+                  
        +-- Acuticosta

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 33 3 2 17 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 14 5 3 31 0 0 26 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesma  
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticosta   
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolaria  
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 8 5 2 15 
  +----- Unionina          
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
  +--+                     
     +-- Nodularia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 41 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 21 0 0 15 
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 28 5 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 20 7 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 7 5 3 31 0 0 19 
     +----- Acuticosta   
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Nodularia **    
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolaria  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                
        +-- Lepidodesma

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 53 8 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 28 4 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 45 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 35 7 2 16.5 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Nodularia **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 41 7 2 14 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Nodularia **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Schistodesmus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 29 4 2 16 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unionina       
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        +--+                  
           +-- Nodularia **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 14 2 1 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Nodularia **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Tchangsinaia **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 5 2 -- 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 17 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Nodularia **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 12 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 1 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 10 0 0 15 
  +----- Nodularia **  
--+                 
  |  +-- Lanceolaria
  +--+              
     +-- Inversiunio **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 13 2 2 16 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
--+                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Nodularia **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 16 3 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Cuneopsis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 5 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **      
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 55 1 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Nodularia **   
  +--+               
     +-- Tchangsinaia **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 81 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina 
--+            
  +-- Nodularia **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Cuneopsis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 20 17 1 -- 
  +----- Unionina    
--+                  
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **
  +--+               
     +-- Nodularia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
1

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 0 0 -- 
  +-- Inversiunio **
--+              
  +-- Nodularia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Schistodesmus_xinyuensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 4 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus **  
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 13 1 -- 
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unionina

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Unionina

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 4 2 -- 
  +----- Middendorffinaiina
--+                        
  |  +-- Nodularia **         
  +--+                     
     +-- Unionina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 4 2 -- 
  +----- Schistodesmus **  
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 4 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Unionina

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Tchangsinaia_piscicula **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 2 1 -- 
-- Nodularia_douglasiae **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 2 1 -- 
-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 2 2 -- 
  +-- Schistodesmus **  
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 6 1 -- 
-- Nodularia_douglasiae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 5 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 4 2 -- 
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina       
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **