Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily PARREYSIINAE Henderson, 1935: cladomics

5 tribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 108 (114 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 5
analyzed in 95 cladograms in 59 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 62 (mean = 11.97, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 2.52, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 62
maximum number of included terminals = 62, (mean = 17.81 median = 10)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 3.32, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.97

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 45
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 62 (mean = 18.4, median = 9)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 3.73, median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.98

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Parreysiinae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Parreysiinae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 5 110 85 3 0 
           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
--+              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
  |              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 30 5 167 128 3 18 
           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
--+              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
  |              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
62 62 60 5 0 0 0 53 
  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |                       
--+     +-- Leoparreysiini **
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  +-- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
62 62 60 5 1 1 1 51 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
  |                             
--+  +----------- Parreysia **     
  |  |                          
  +--+        +-- Leoparreysiini **
     |  +-----+                 
     |  |     +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Assamnaia **     
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
57 57 47 5 4 4 1 46 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
57 57 53 5 4 4 1 49 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
54 54 52 5 4 4 1 43 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
54 54 52 5 4 4 1 39 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
54 54 50 5 4 4 1 43 
  +-------------- Gonideinae    
--+                             
  |  +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 5 77 72 1 36 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
40 40 37 5 72 72 1 37 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
  |                          
--+  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  |  |                       
  +--+     +-- Parreysiini **   
     |  +--+                 
     |  |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 28 5 87 87 3 39 
              +-------------- Pseudodontini           
              |                                       
  +-----------+  +----------- Rectidentini            
  |           |  |                                    
  |           |  |  +-------- Unioninae               
  |           +--+  |                                 
  |              |  |  +----- Ambleminae              
  |              |  |  |                              
  |              +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                 |  |  |                           
  |                 |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
  |                 |  |  |                           
  |                 |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                 +--+  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii        
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Potomida                
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    |  +-- Pronodularia            
  |                    |  |                           
  |                    +--+-- Gonidea                 
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi    
--+                       |                           
  |                       +-- Leguminaia              
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Microcondylaea          
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata   
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora   
  |                       |                           
  |                       +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita  
  |                                                   
  |           +-------------- Trapezidens **             
  |           |                                       
  |  +--------+  +----------- Lamellidens_lamellatus **  
  |  |        |  |                                    
  |  |        +--+  +-------- Lamellidens_jenkinsianus **
  |  |           |  |                                 
  |  |           |  |  +----- Lamellidens_generosus **   
  |  |           +--+  |                              
  |  |              |  +----- Lamellidens_mainwaringi ** 
  |  |              |  |                              
  |  |              +--+  +-- Lamellidens_ferrugineus ** 
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                 |  +-- Lamellidens_marginalis **  
     |                 |                              
     |                 |  +-- Lamellidens_savadiensis ** 
     |                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Lamellidens_corrianus__1 **
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiini **             
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------- Leoparreysiini **          
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------- Coelaturini **             
           |  |                                       
           |  |        +----- Indochinella **            
           +--+  +-----+                              
              |  |     |  +-- Scabies **                 
              |  |     +--+                           
              +--+        +-- Radiatula **               
                 |                                    
                 |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **  
                 |  |                                 
                 +--+  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **         
                    |  |                              
                    |  |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **   
                    +--+--+                           
                       |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **       
                       |                              
                       |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **     
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus__2 **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 20 3 0 0 0 46 
  +----- Leoparreysiini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Coelaturini **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 22 3 0 0 0 44 
  +----- Leoparreysiini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Coelaturini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 30 5 165 126 3 21 
           +----------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-------- Parreysiini **    
  |        +--+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
--+              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
  |              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Pseudodontini  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Ambleminae     
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lamprotulini   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 25 5 167 128 3 17 
        +-------- Parreysiini **       
        |                           
  +-----+-------- Lamellidentini **    
  |     |                           
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **    
  |     +--+                        
  |        |  +-- Coelaturini **       
  |        +--+                     
  |           +-- Indochinellini **    
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Megalonaias       
--+  |                              
  |  +----------- Uniomerus         
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Quadrulina        
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis     
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini      
  |  |                              
  |  +----------- Gonideini         
  |  |                              
  +--+----------- Pseudodontini     
     |                              
     +----------- Rectidentini      
     |                              
     +----------- Unioninae         
     |                              
     |  +-------- Amblema           
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Toxolasma         
     |  |                           
     |  +-------- Pleurobemini      
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Obliquaria        
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Plectomerus       
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Ellipsaria        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Medionidus        
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Potamilus_alatus  
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Ptychobranchus    
        +--+                        
           +----- Truncilla         
           |                        
           +----- Venustaconcha     
           |                        
           +----- Cambarunio        
           |                        
           +----- Leaunio           
           |                        
           |  +-- Ortmanniana       
           +--+                     
              +-- Lampsilis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 26 5 110 85 3 6 
                    +-- Parreysiini **    
              +-----+                  
              |     +-- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Pseudodontini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 5 1 0 0 28 
  +----------- Lamellidentini **
--+                          
  |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 4 25 23 1 31 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 5 59 59 3 16 
     +----------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                          
  |  |  +-------- Parreysiini **   
  |  +--+                       
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |     +--+                    
  |        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
--+        +--+                 
  |           +-- Indochinellini **
  |                             
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini 
  |  |                          
  |  |  +-------- Rectidentini  
  +--+  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 5 0 0 0 33 
  +----------- Lamellidentini **
--+                          
  |  +-------- Leoparreysiini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 0 0 0 32 
  +----- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Parreysiini **   
  +--+                 
     +-- Leoparreysiini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 10 1 69 69 1 38 
  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                 
  +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 78 61 3 23 
              +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 78 61 3 25 
              +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+              +--+                  
  |                 +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 5 5 1 29 
  +-------- Gonideinae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 40 38 1 25 
  +----- Pseudodontini 
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Rectidentini

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 2 0 0 0 28 
  +-- Leoparreysiini **
--+                 
  +-- Lamellidentini **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 12 1 17 13 1 36 
1

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 20 10 1 19 
  +----------- Gonideinae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 47 40 3 25 
  +-------------- Ambleminae    
  |                             
--+-------------- Gonideinae    
  |                             
  |  +----------- Unioninae     
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
           +--+                 
              +-- Indochinellini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 47 40 3 25 
  +----------------- Ambleminae    
--+                                
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Unioninae     
     +--+                          
        |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Coelaturini **   
              +--+                 
                 +-- Indochinellini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 29 
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 8 4 27 15 3 22 
        +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +-----+                       
  |     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |     +--+                    
  |        |  +-- Indochinellini **
  |        +--+                 
--+           +-- Coelaturini **   
  |                             
  |           +-- Pseudodontini 
  |  +--------+                 
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini  
  +--+                          
     |  +-------- Unioninae     
     +--+                       
        |  +----- Gonideini     
        +--+                    
           |  +-- Lamprotulini  
           +--+                 
              +-- Ambleminae

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 12 2 2 1 1 30 
  +-- Leoparreysiini **
--+                 
  +-- Coelaturini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 4 27 15 3 22 
           +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--------+                       
  |        |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
  |        +--+                    
  |           |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+           +--+                 
  |              +-- Coelaturini **   
  |                                
  |  +-------------- Rectidentini  
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini 
     +--+                          
        |  +-------- Unioninae     
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Gonideini     
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Lamprotulini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Ambleminae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 4 32 22 3 22 
        +----- Unioninae     
  +-----+                    
  |     |  +-- Ambleminae    
  |     +--+                 
--+        +-- Gonideinae    
  |                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Leoparreysiini **
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 4 49 48 3 25 
        +----- Unioninae     
  +-----+                    
  |     |  +-- Ambleminae    
  |     +--+                 
--+        +-- Gonideinae    
  |                          
  |  +-------- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Leoparreysiini **
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 25 
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 31 
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 4 41 39 3 27 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
  |     +----------- Rectidentini   
  |     |                           
  |  +--+        +-- Schepmaniini   
--+  |  |  +-----+                  
  |  |  |  |     +-- Pseudodontini  
  |  |  +--+                        
  |  |     |  +----- Caudiculatus   
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Potomida       
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Gonideini      
     |                              
     |        +----- Unioninae      
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  |     +--+                  
     +--+        +-- Discomya       
        |                           
        |  +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Indochinellini ** 
              +--+                  
                 +-- Coelaturini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 4 76 65 3 26 
                    +-------- Lamellidentini ** 
  +-----------------+                        
  |                 |  +----- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |                 +--+                     
  |                    |  +-- Coelaturini **    
--+                    +--+                  
  |                       +-- Indochinellini ** 
  |                                          
  |  +----------------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 3 119 108 3 29 
                 +-- Coelaturini **    
                 |                  
  +--------------+-- Leoparreysiini ** 
  |              |                  
  |              +-- Indochinellini ** 
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 19 17 1 29 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 7 7 1 32 
  +-------- Unioninae     
--+                       
  |  +----- Indochinellini **
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Leoparreysiini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 3 42 40 3 28 
        +-- Gonideinae    
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  |  |                    
  +--+  +-- Coelaturini **   
     |  |                 
     +--+-- Indochinellini **
        |                 
        +-- Parreysiini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 38 36 3 27 
           +-- Gonideinae    
  +--------+                 
  |        +-- Ambleminae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Unioninae     
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 0 0 0 30 
  +----- Lamellidentini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Parreysiini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 19 17 1 29 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 42 40 3 27 
  +----------------------- Gonideinae    
  |                                      
  |  +-------------------- Ambleminae    
--+  |                                   
  |  |                 +-- Anemina       
  |  |  +--------------+                 
  |  |  |              +-- Amuranodonta  
  +--+  |                                
     |  |           +----- Parreysiini **   
     |  +-----------+                    
     |  |           |  +-- Coelaturini **   
     |  |           +--+                 
     +--+              +-- Indochinellini **
        |                                
        |           +----- Pletholophus  
        |  +--------+                    
        |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta   
        |  |        +--+                 
        |  |           +-- Beringiana    
        +--+                             
           |  +----------- Cristaria     
           |  |                          
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina 
           +--+--------+                 
              |        +-- Anodontina    
              |                          
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
              +--+                       
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
                 +--+                    
                    |  +-- Acuticostini  
                    +--+                 
                       +-- Unionini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 38 36 3 27 
           +-- Gonideinae    
  +--------+                 
  |        +-- Ambleminae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Unioninae     
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 3 38 36 3 28 
        +-- Gonideinae    
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  |  |                    
  +--+  +-- Coelaturini **   
     |  |                 
     +--+-- Indochinellini **
        |                 
        +-- Parreysiini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 38 36 3 27 
           +-- Ambleminae    
  +--------+                 
  |        +-- Gonideinae    
--+                          
  |  +-------- Unioninae     
  +--+                       
     |  +----- Parreysiini **   
     +--+                    
        |  +-- Coelaturini **   
        +--+                 
           +-- Indochinellini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 29 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiini **
--+                 
  |  +-- Gonideinae 
  +--+              
     +-- Unioninae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 27 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 32 30 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Lamellidentini **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 11 3 -- 
        +-- Lamellidentini **
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Coelaturini **   
--+                       
  |  +----- Ambleminae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unioninae     
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 11 0 2 15 4 2 38.5 
              +-------- Unionini      
  +-----------+                       
  |           |  +----- Pleurobemini  
  |           +--+                    
  |              |  +-- Anodontini    
--+              +--+                 
  |                 +-- Lampsilini    
  |                                   
  |  +----------------- Parreysiini **   
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------------- Coelaturini **   
     |  |                             
     |  |     +-------- Castaliini    
     +--+  +--+                       
        |  |  |  +----- Rhipidodontini
        |  |  +--+                    
        |  |     |  +-- Hyridellini   
        +--+     +--+                 
           |        +-- Velesunioninae
           |                          
           |  +-------- Iridininae    
           |  |                       
           +--+  +----- Anodontitinae 
              |  |                    
              +--+----- Mycetopodinae 
                 |                    
                 |  +-- Etheria       
                 +--+                 
                    +-- Mulleria

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 27 3 -- 
        +-- Lamellidentini **
  +-----+                 
  |     +-- Coelaturini **   
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 1 14 8 3 36 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotulina        
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 29 2 -- 
  +----- Parreysiini **
--+                 
  |  +-- Gonideinae 
  +--+              
     +-- Unioninae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 29 27 1 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 27 1 -- 
  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                 
  +-- Unioninae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +-------- Coelaturini **
--+                    
  |  +----- Unioninae  
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Gonideinae 
     +--+              
        +-- Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 85 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 34 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 28 5 3 -- 
  +-------- Gonideinae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Indochinellini **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 24 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 13 1 -- 
  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                 
  +-- Unioninae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
  +----------------------------- Gonideinae 
  |                                         
--+  +-------------------------- Coelaturini **
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia  
     |  |                                   
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini  
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini 
        |  |                                
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema 
           |  |                             
           +--+  +-------------- Eurynia    
              |  |                          
              |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias 
              +--+-----------+              
                 |           +-- Unioninae  
                 |                          
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana
                 +--+                       
                    |  +-------- Glebula    
                    +--+                    
                       |  +----- Potamilus  
                       +--+                 
                          |  +-- Ligumia    
                          +--+              
                             +-- Toxolasma

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 85 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 8 3 -- 
  +-- Aculamprotulina
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
  |                  
  +-- Lamellidentini ** 
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 44 3 -- 
  +-------- Indochinellini **
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
  +--+                 
     +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 24 3 -- 
  +-------- Pseudodontini
  |                      
--+  +----- Coelaturini **  
  |  |                   
  |  +----- Rectidentini 
  +--+                   
     +----- Unioninae    
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 23 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 10 3 -- 
     +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Gonideinae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unioninae

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 24 3 -- 
  +-------------------------------- Lamellidentini **
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 10 3 -- 
     +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Gonideinae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unioninae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 8 3 -- 
-- Lamellidens_corrianus **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 23 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +----- Rectidentini  
--+                    
  |  +-- Pseudodontini 
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 44 3 -- 
  +-------- Indochinellini **
--+                       
  |  +----- Unioninae     
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Ambleminae    
     +--+                 
        +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 17 3 -- 
-- Coelatura_aegyptiaca **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 84 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 50 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 44 3 -- 
  +-------------- Indochinellini ** 
--+                              
  |  +----------- Unioninae      
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Ambleminae     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 23 23 2 -- 
  +----- Indochinellini **
--+                    
  |  +-- Unioninae     
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonideinae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 84 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 15 3 -- 
  +-------- Ambleminae    
--+                       
  |  +----- Gonideinae    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Indochinellini **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unioninae

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 36 3 -- 
     +-- Lamellidentini **
  +--+                 
  |  +-- Unioninae     
--+                    
  |  +-- Ambleminae    
  +--+                 
     +-- Gonideinae