Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Quadrulini

subtribe QUADRULINA Ihering, 1901: cladomics

4 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 20 (25 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 4
analyzed in 193 cladograms in 116 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 17 (mean = 2.27, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 1.44, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 65
maximum number of included terminals = 17, (mean = 4.77 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 2.31, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.89

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 27
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 17 (mean = 7.89, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 3.19, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Quadrulina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Quadrulina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 10 5 2 0 
  +-------------- Megalonaias
--+                          
  |  +----------- Uniomerus  
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Theliderma ** 
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Cyclonaias ** 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Quadrula **   
           +--+              
              +-- Pustulosa **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 12 2 2 18 
  +-------------------------- Uniomerus           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Theliderma **          
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------- Quadrula **            
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        |  |                                      
        |  |              +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
        +--+  +-----------+                       
           |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
           |  |                                   
           +--+           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
              |  +--------+                       
              |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **   
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 614 5 2 19 
                    +-- Megalonaias          
  +-----------------+                        
  |                 +-- Uniomerus            
  |                                          
  |                 +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **  
  |        +--------+                        
  |        |        +-- Theliderma_metanevra ** 
  |        |                                 
--+  +-----+        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **     
  |  |     |  +-----+                        
  |  |     |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |  |     +--+                              
  |  |        |  +----- Theliderma_cylindrica **
  |  |        +--+                           
  |  |           |  +-- Quadrula_fragosa **     
  +--+           +--+                        
     |              +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    
     |                                       
     |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana ** 
     |  +--------+                           
     |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **   
     |  |        +--+                        
     +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **  
        |                                    
        |  +----------- Cyclonaias **           
        |  |                                 
        +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **  
           |  +-----+                        
           |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **   
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **      
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 14 4 2 19 
                          +-- Megalonaias         
  +-----------------------+                       
  |                       +-- Uniomerus           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |                                            
  |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  +--+  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Theliderma **          
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           |  |        +--+                       
           +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
              |                                   
              |  +----------- Cyclonaias **          
              |  |                                
              +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
                 |  +-----+                       
                 |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **  
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 12 2 2 19 
  +----------------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                                  
--+  +-------------------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                               
  +--+  +----------------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                            
     +--+  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
        |  |                                         
        |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
        +--+  +--------------+                       
           |  |              +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
           |  |                                      
           |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
           +--+  +--------+                          
              |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
              |  |        +--+                       
              |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
              +--+                                   
                 |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
                 |  +--------+                       
                 |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 +--+                                
                    |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                    +--+                             
                       |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                       +--+                          
                          |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **   
                          +--+                       
                             +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 3 16 1 1 13 
  +-------- Megalonaias
--+                    
  |  +----- Theliderma ** 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Quadrula **   
     +--+              
        +-- Pustulosa **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 12 3 1 1 1 16 
  +----- Megalonaias
  |                 
--+----- Theliderma ** 
  |                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Pustulosa **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 16 1 1 18 
  +----------- Megalonaias       
  |                              
--+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Theliderma **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Pustulosa **

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 4 2 2 17 
  +-------------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Quadrula **            
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           |  |        +--+                       
           |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
           +--+                                   
              |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
              |  +--------+                       
              |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **  
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 64 2 1 19 
  +----------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                     
  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
--+  +-----------+                      
  |  |           +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
     |  |                               
     |  +----------- Theliderma **         
     +--+                               
        |        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 93 2 2 15 
              +-- Megalonaias         
  +-----------+                       
  |           +-- Uniomerus           
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Theliderma **          
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Quadrula **            
     |  |                             
     +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        |  |                          
        |  |  +-- Cyclonaias **          
        +--+--+                       
           |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
           |                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 93 2 2 17 
  +-------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                         
--+  +----------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +-------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
        |  |                                
        |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
        +--+  +-----+                       
           |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
           |  |                             
           +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
              |  |                          
              |  |  +-- Cyclonaias **          
              +--+--+                       
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 4 64 2 1 18 
  +-------------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Theliderma **         
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     |  |                                  
     |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
     +--+  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
        |  |                               
        +--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
           |  +-----+                      
           |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 11 0 0 18 
  +-------------- Theliderma **          
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **  
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 37 1 1 17 
  +-------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                  
--+           +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +--------+                      
  |  |        +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Quadrula **           
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
           +--+                      
              +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 32 1 1 15 
  +----------- Theliderma **         
--+                               
  |  +-------- Quadrula **           
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Cyclonaias **         
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 29 1 1 19 
  +----------------- Megalonaias        
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +-------- Theliderma **         
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Cyclonaias **         
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 0 4 100 2 1 16 
  +----- Uniomerus             
  |                            
  |  +-- Cyclonaias **            
--+  |                         
  |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__1 **
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Theliderma **            
  +--+                         
     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__2 **
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 33 1 1 18 
  +-------------- Uniomerus          
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **  
           +--+                      
              +-- Cyclonaias **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 35 1 1 16 
  +----- Quadrula **  
--+                
  |  +-- Cyclonaias **
  +--+             
     +-- Pustulosa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 11 0 0 15 
  +-- Quadrula **          
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata **
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 11 0 0 15 
  +-- Quadrula **          
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata **
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 2 16 
  +----------- Megalonaias       
--+                              
  |  +-------- Uniomerus         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Cyclonaias **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 11 0 0 14 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 11 0 0 14 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 15 0 1 13 0 0 28 
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                          
  +-------------------- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |                                          
--+                 +-- Eurynia              
  |  +--------------+                        
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema           
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------- Amblema              
     |  |                                    
     |  |           +-- Obovaria             
     |  |  +--------+                        
     +--+  |        +-- Ortmanniana          
        |  |                                 
        |  |        +-- Obliquaria           
        |  +--------+                        
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
           |                                 
           |     +----- Lampsilis_radiata__2 
           |  +--+                           
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           |  |  +--+                        
           +--+     +-- Lampsilis_radiata__1 
              |                              
              |  +----- Lampsilis_virescens  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_straminea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 123 0 0 22 
  +-- Amblema           
  |                     
  +-- Ortmanniana       
  |                     
  +-- Lampsilis         
  |                     
  +-- Cambarunio        
  |                     
--+-- Elliptio          
  |                     
  +-- Eurynia           
  |                     
  +-- Pleurobema        
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 199 2 2 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 197 2 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Megalonaias
  +--+              
     +-- Uniomerus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 79 0 0 -- 
1

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 137 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
1

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 74 0 0 -- 
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 2 2 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Theliderma **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pustulosa **
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 2 17 2 2 23 
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 23 0 0 -- 
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 74 0 0 -- 
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 2 2 30 
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Aculamprotulina    
  |                      
  +-- Unionina

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 11 0 2 9 0 0 24 
  +-------------- Quadrula **   
  |                          
--+-------------- Pustulosa **  
  |                          
  |  +----------- Pleurobema 
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Amblema    
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Obovaria   
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Ortmanniana
           +--+              
              +-- Lampsilis

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 137 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 199 2 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Megalonaias
  +--+              
     +-- Uniomerus

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 25 2 2 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Theliderma **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pustulosa **
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 2 2 30 
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Pleurobema         
  |                      
  +-- Unionina

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 37 1 1 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Cyclonaias ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Pustulosa **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 31 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Megalonaias         
--+                             
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula__2 **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula__1 **
     +--+                       
        +-- Theliderma **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 67 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Theliderma_metanevra **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 31 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 86 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 84 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 139 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 72 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_nobilis **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 51 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 94 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 81 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Uniomerus  
  +--+              
     +-- Megalonaias

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 74 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **