Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Quadrulini

subtribe QUADRULINA Ihering, 1901: cladomics

4 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 20 (25 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 4
analyzed in 193 cladograms in 116 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 17 (mean = 2.27, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 1.44, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 65
maximum number of included terminals = 17, (mean = 4.77 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 2.31, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.89

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 27
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 17 (mean = 7.89, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 4 (mean = 3.19, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Quadrulina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Quadrulina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 10 5 2 0 
  +-------------- Megalonaias
--+                          
  |  +----------- Uniomerus  
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Theliderma ** 
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Cyclonaias ** 
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Quadrula **   
           +--+              
              +-- Pustulosa **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 12 2 2 18 
  +-------------------------- Uniomerus           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Theliderma **          
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------- Quadrula **            
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        |  |                                      
        |  |              +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
        +--+  +-----------+                       
           |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
           |  |                                   
           +--+           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
              |  +--------+                       
              |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **   
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 616 5 2 19 
                    +-- Megalonaias          
  +-----------------+                        
  |                 +-- Uniomerus            
  |                                          
  |                 +-- Theliderma_johnsoni **  
  |        +--------+                        
  |        |        +-- Theliderma_metanevra ** 
  |        |                                 
--+  +-----+        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **     
  |  |     |  +-----+                        
  |  |     |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |  |     +--+                              
  |  |        |  +----- Theliderma_cylindrica **
  |  |        +--+                           
  |  |           |  +-- Quadrula_fragosa **     
  +--+           +--+                        
     |              +-- Quadrula_quadrula **    
     |                                       
     |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana ** 
     |  +--------+                           
     |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **   
     |  |        +--+                        
     +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **  
        |                                    
        |  +----------- Cyclonaias **           
        |  |                                 
        +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **  
           |  +-----+                        
           |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **   
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **      
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 14 4 2 19 
                          +-- Megalonaias         
  +-----------------------+                       
  |                       +-- Uniomerus           
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  |  |                                            
  |  |                    +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
  +--+  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Theliderma **          
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           |  |        +--+                       
           +--+           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
              |                                   
              |  +----------- Cyclonaias **          
              |  |                                
              +--+        +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
                 |  +-----+                       
                 |  |     +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_nodulata **  
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_necki **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 4 12 2 2 19 
  +----------------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                                  
--+  +-------------------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                               
  +--+  +----------------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                            
     +--+  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
        |  |                                         
        |  |                 +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
        +--+  +--------------+                       
           |  |              +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
           |  |                                      
           |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
           +--+  +--------+                          
              |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
              |  |        +--+                       
              |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
              +--+                                   
                 |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
                 |  +--------+                       
                 |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 +--+                                
                    |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                    +--+                             
                       |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                       +--+                          
                          |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **   
                          +--+                       
                             +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 12 3 1 1 1 16 
  +----- Megalonaias
  |                 
--+----- Theliderma ** 
  |                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Pustulosa **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 3 16 1 1 13 
  +-------- Megalonaias
--+                    
  |  +----- Theliderma ** 
  +--+                 
     |  +-- Quadrula **   
     +--+              
        +-- Pustulosa **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 16 1 1 18 
  +----------- Megalonaias       
  |                              
--+        +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Quadrula_nobilis **  
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Theliderma **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Pustulosa **

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 4 2 2 17 
  +-------------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------- Quadrula **            
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           |  |        +--+                       
           |  |           +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana ** 
           +--+                                   
              |           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa ** 
              |  +--------+                       
              |  |        +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Cyclonaias **          
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Pustulosa_necki **     
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **  
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Pustulosa_petrina **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 93 2 2 17 
  +-------------------- Megalonaias         
  |                                         
--+  +----------------- Uniomerus           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +-------------- Theliderma **          
     |  |                                   
     +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
        |  |                                
        |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **    
        +--+  +-----+                       
           |  |     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
           |  |                             
           +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
              |  |                          
              |  |  +-- Cyclonaias **          
              +--+--+                       
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 64 2 1 19 
  +----------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                     
  |              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
--+  +-----------+                      
  |  |           +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
     |  |                               
     |  +----------- Theliderma **         
     +--+                               
        |        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 4 64 2 1 18 
  +-------------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Theliderma **         
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     |  |                                  
     |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **  
     +--+  +--------+                      
        |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis **   
        |  |                               
        +--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
           |  +-----+                      
           |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 93 2 2 15 
              +-- Megalonaias         
  +-----------+                       
  |           +-- Uniomerus           
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Theliderma **          
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Quadrula **            
     |  |                             
     +--+  +----- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
        |  |                          
        |  |  +-- Cyclonaias **          
        +--+--+                       
           |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **  
           |                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_infucata **  
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 11 0 0 18 
  +-------------- Theliderma **          
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **   
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Pustulosa_infucata **  
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Pustulosa_kieneriana **
           +--+                       
              +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 29 1 1 19 
  +----------------- Megalonaias        
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +-------- Theliderma **         
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Cyclonaias **         
              +--+                      
                 +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 32 1 1 15 
  +----------- Theliderma **         
--+                               
  |  +-------- Quadrula **           
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Cyclonaias **         
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_nodulata **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 36 0 0 17 
  +----------- Quadrula **           
  |                               
--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 37 1 1 17 
  +-------------- Uniomerus          
  |                                  
--+           +-- Pustulosa_infucata ** 
  |  +--------+                      
  |  |        +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana **
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Quadrula **           
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Cyclonaias **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa ** 
           +--+                      
              +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 0 4 100 2 1 16 
  +----- Uniomerus             
  |                            
  |  +-- Cyclonaias **            
--+  |                         
  |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__1 **
  |  |                         
  |  +-- Theliderma **            
  +--+                         
     +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa__2 **
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_quadrula **     
     |                         
     +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 33 1 1 18 
  +-------------- Uniomerus          
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula **  
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Quadrula_verrucosa ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Pustulosa_pustulosa **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Pustulosa_petrina **  
           +--+                      
              +-- Cyclonaias **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 11 0 0 14 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 11 0 0 14 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 11 0 0 15 
  +-- Quadrula **          
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata **
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 35 1 1 16 
  +----- Quadrula **  
--+                
  |  +-- Cyclonaias **
  +--+             
     +-- Pustulosa **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 11 0 0 15 
  +-- Quadrula **          
  |                     
--+-- Pustulosa_infucata **
  |                     
  +-- Pustulosa_succissa **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 28 2 2 16 
  +----------- Megalonaias       
--+                              
  |  +-------- Uniomerus         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Quadrula_verrucosa **
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Cyclonaias **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 198 2 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Megalonaias
  +--+              
     +-- Uniomerus

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 2 2 30 
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Aculamprotulina    
  |                      
  +-- Unionina

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 78 0 0 -- 
1

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 196 2 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Megalonaias
  +--+              
     +-- Uniomerus

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 198 2 2 -- 
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 25 2 2 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Theliderma **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 136 0 0 -- 
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 40 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pustulosa **
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 39 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pustulosa **
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 31 2 2 -- 
  +-------- Megalonaias         
--+                             
  |  +----- Quadrula_quadrula__2 **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Quadrula_quadrula__1 **
     +--+                       
        +-- Theliderma **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 26 2 2 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Quadrula **   
  +--+              
     +-- Theliderma **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 2 2 30 
  +-- Gonidea            
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Pleurobema         
  |                      
  +-- Unionina

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 15 0 1 13 0 0 28 
  +-------------------- Quadrula_quadrula **    
  |                                          
  +-------------------- Quadrula_verrucosa **   
  |                                          
--+                 +-- Eurynia              
  |  +--------------+                        
  |  |              +-- Pleurobema           
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------- Amblema              
     |  |                                    
     |  |           +-- Obovaria             
     |  |  +--------+                        
     +--+  |        +-- Ortmanniana          
        |  |                                 
        |  |        +-- Obliquaria           
        |  +--------+                        
        +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
           |                                 
           |     +----- Lampsilis_radiata__2 
           |  +--+                           
           |  |  |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           |  |  +--+                        
           +--+     +-- Lampsilis_radiata__1 
              |                              
              |  +----- Lampsilis_virescens  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Lampsilis_straminea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 136 0 0 -- 
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 11 0 2 9 0 0 24 
  +-------------- Quadrula **   
  |                          
--+-------------- Pustulosa **  
  |                          
  |  +----------- Pleurobema 
  +--+                       
     |  +-------- Amblema    
     +--+                    
        |  +----- Obovaria   
        +--+                 
           |  +-- Ortmanniana
           +--+              
              +-- Lampsilis

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 23 0 0 -- 
1

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 9 0 1 122 0 0 22 
  +-- Amblema           
  |                     
  +-- Ortmanniana       
  |                     
  +-- Lampsilis         
  |                     
  +-- Cambarunio        
  |                     
--+-- Elliptio          
  |                     
  +-- Eurynia           
  |                     
  +-- Pleurobema        
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_quadrula ** 
  |                     
  +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 2 17 2 2 23 
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma **         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula **           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 74 0 0 -- 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 0 0 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Pustulosa **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 74 0 0 -- 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 37 1 1 -- 
  +----- Megalonaias
--+                 
  |  +-- Cyclonaias ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Pustulosa **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 81 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 20 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 31 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 75 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 38 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +----- Quadrula **   
--+                 
  |  +-- Uniomerus  
  +--+              
     +-- Megalonaias

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 68 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 140 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Theliderma_metanevra **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 53 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 32 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 121 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_nobilis **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 44 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 91 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 87 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 85 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 36 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 29 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 95 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 6 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 1 1 -- 
  +-- Quadrula ** 
--+            
  +-- Uniomerus

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 48 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 46 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 43 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 73 1 1 -- 
  +-- Uniomerus
--+            
  +-- Quadrula **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 52 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 47 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 90 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 22 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 35 0 0 -- 
-- Quadrula_quadrula **