MUSSELp

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Taxonomy

all genera

Unionidae

Margaritiferidae

Hyriidae

Etheriidae

Mycetopodidae

Iridinidae


Species & Genus Richness by
Taxonomy

Geography

Summary

North America

Central America

South America

Afrotropics

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Species Richness & Endemism by
Geography

Data last updated
Mon 1 Dec 2025

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea

family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 subfamilies, 32 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 794 (1056 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 37
analyzed in 563 cladograms in 312 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 162 (mean = 21.12, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 4 (mean = 1.89, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 541
maximum number of included terminals = 162, (mean = 21.94 median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 4 (mean = 1.93, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 193
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 162 (mean = 31.06, median = 20)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 4 (mean = 2.9, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unionidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unionidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 45 39 4 22 2 1 0 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                                        
  |           +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--------+                            
--+  |        |  +-------- Contradentini **   
  |  |        +--+                         
  |  |           |  +----- Unioninae **       
  |  |           +--+                      
  +--+              |  +-- Gonideini **       
     |              +--+                   
     |                 +-- Ambleminae **      
     |                                     
     |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Hyriidae        
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Mulleria        
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Etheria         
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Iridinidae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 24 15 1 -- 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
162 162 100 4 39 13 1 180 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae  
  |                                    
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **      
  |  |                                 
  |  |  +----------- Chamberlainia **     
--+  |  |                              
  |  |  +----------- Megalonaias **       
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +----------- Uniomerus **         
  |  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Quadrulina **        
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis **     
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Lamprotulini **      
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Gonideini **         
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **     
     +--+                              
        +----------- Unioninae **         
        |                              
        |        +-- Rectidentini **      
        +--------+                     
        |        +-- Contradentini **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Amblema **           
        |  |                           
        |  +-------- Toxolasma **         
        |  |                           
        |  +-------- Pleurobemini **      
        |  |                           
        |  |     +-- Obliquaria **        
        |  +-----+                     
        |  |     +-- Plectomerus **       
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Ellipsaria **        
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Medionidus **        
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Potamilus_alatus **  
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Ptychobranchus **    
           +--+                        
              +----- Truncilla **         
              |                        
              +----- Venustaconcha **     
              |                        
              +----- Cambarunio **        
              |                        
              +----- Leaunio **           
              |                        
              |  +-- Ortmanniana **       
              +--+                     
                 +-- Lampsilis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
162 162 144 4 39 13 1 184 
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Gonideini **       
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Pseudodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
160 160 158 4 39 13 1 177 
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Pseudodontini **   
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Unioninae **       
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Ambleminae **      
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
125 125 72 4 0 0 0 148 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **         
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Rectidentini **          
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **         
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Unioninae **             
        |  |                               
        |  |  +----- Ambleminae **            
        |  |  |                            
        +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **    
           +--+  |                         
              |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii **      
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Potomida **              
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pronodularia **          
              |  |                         
              +--+-- Gonidea **               
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia **            
                 |                         
                 +-- Microcondylaea **        
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
114 114 114 4 25 10 1 135 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                    
--+                 +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  +--------------+                  
  |  |              +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae **      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae **     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
114 137 123 4 25 10 1 152.5 
                       +-- Chamberlainia **   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
  |              +-------- Hyriidae        
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Iridinidae      
--+              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheriidae      
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
113 113 98 2 5 5 1 152 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
112 112 100 2 0 0 0 151 
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111 111 93 4 11 2 1 141 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae **      
--+  |                              
  |  |           +-- Lens **           
  |  |           |                  
  |  |           +-- Ensidens **       
  +--+           |                  
     |  +--------+-- Physunio **       
     |  |        |                  
     |  |        +-- Rectidens **      
     |  |        |                  
     +--+        +-- Yaukthwa **       
        |                           
        |  +-------- Ambleminae **     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
103 103 62 3 1 1 1 202 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
100 100 101 3 2 2 1 131 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
  |  |                         
  +--+-------- Unioninae **       
     |                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
100 100 90 3 2 2 1 128 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+        +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamprotulini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
86 86 82 4 6 2 1 121 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
86 86 83 4 6 2 1 121 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
85 85 83 4 11 7 1 120 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
85 85 80 4 11 7 1 120 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
83 83 50 4 0 0 0 106 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae **  
  |                             
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini ** 
--+  |                          
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini **  
  |  |  +-----+                 
  +--+  |     +-- Contradentini ** 
     |  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae **     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida **      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea **       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia **    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea **
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini **     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana **   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis **     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio **    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio **      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema **    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
82 82 80 2 0 0 0 120 
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Gonideinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
79 79 77 3 9 6 1 114 
  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                                 
  |  +----------------------------- Ambleminae **      
--+  |                                              
  |  |              +-------------- Chamberlainiini ** 
  |  |              |                               
  |  |  +-----------+           +-- Contradentini **   
  +--+  |           |  +--------+                   
     |  |           |  |        +-- Rectidentini **    
     |  |           +--+                            
     |  |              |  +-------- Lamprotulini **    
     |  |              +--+                         
     |  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                 +--+                      
        |                    |  +-- Inversiunio **     
        |                    +--+                   
        |                       +-- Gonideini **       
        |                                           
        |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini **   
        |  |                                        
        |  |                 +----- Anodontini **      
        +--+  +--------------+                      
           |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini **    
           |  |              +--+                   
           +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini **   
              |                                     
              |  +----------------- Globunio **        
              |  |                                  
              +--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula **   
                 |  |                               
                 +--+  +----------- Unio **            
                    |  |                            
                    +--+        +-- Nodularia **       
                       |  +-----+                   
                       |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Schistodesmus **   
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Cuneopsis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77 77 75 3 9 6 1 112 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
74 74 72 4 17 7 1 106 
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
74 74 72 2 2 2 1 111 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
74 74 72 4 17 7 1 106 
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
73 73 63 1 0 0 0 110 
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
73 73 67 1 0 0 0 108 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
68 69 63 4 12 2 1 95 
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                          
  |  +----------------------- Unioninae **      
--+  |                                       
  |  |              +-------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |  +-----------+                        
  +--+  |           |  +----- Lens **           
     |  |           +--+                     
     |  |              |  +-- Physunio **       
     |  |              +--+                  
     +--+                 +-- unionoid       
        |                                    
        |  +----------------- Ambleminae **     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea **        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66 66 64 3 10 10 1 86 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Rectidentini **    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Gonideini **       
        |  |                         
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
           |  +--+                   
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66 66 63 3 10 10 1 88 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Contradentini **   
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Rectidentini **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Gonideini **       
        |  |                         
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
           |  +--+                   
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
65 65 63 3 9 6 1 100 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
63 63 61 3 11 7 1 97 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
63 63 61 2 0 0 0 105 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
63 63 61 3 11 7 1 97 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
62 62 60 1 0 0 0 105 
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
61 61 49 2 0 0 0 103 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
61 61 55 2 0 0 0 103 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
58 58 52 2 0 0 0 100 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
58 58 54 2 0 0 0 100 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
58 58 56 3 11 7 1 92 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
58 58 54 2 0 0 0 100 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
58 58 59 1 0 0 0 99 
1

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
56 57 48 2 1 1 1 86 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55 55 53 4 1 1 1 91 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55 55 50 2 1 1 1 84 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
53 53 51 2 0 0 0 90 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
52 52 50 4 2 2 1 91 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 50 1 2 2 1 91 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 49 3 2 2 1 87 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 49 3 3 3 1 86 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 49 3 2 2 1 87 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 43 3 2 2 1 85 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
--+  |                         
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |                         
  |  |     +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+-----+                   
     |     +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                         
     |     +-- Lamprotulini **    
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Gonideini **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 47 4 7 2 1 85 
  +----- Ambleminae **  
  |                  
--+----- Gonideinae **  
  |                  
  |  +-- Unioninae **   
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 48 4 7 2 1 88 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Parreysiinae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 49 1 0 0 0 90 
1

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 39 2 2 2 1 90 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Contradentini **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 49 42 2 2 2 1 94 
     +----- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Contradentini **   
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 44 3 10 6 1 80 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 44 2 2 2 1 86 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 43 3 3 3 1 82 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 43 2 2 2 1 85 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 48 4 23 12 1 83 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Gonideini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 47 4 23 12 1 82 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 53 2 2 2 1 96 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45 45 48 4 23 12 1 83 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44 44 42 4 2 2 1 82 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Ambleminae **      
--+  |                                  
  |  |        +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |  +-----+                         
  +--+  |     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     |  |     +--+                      
     |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
     |  |        +--+                   
     |  |           +-- Discomya **        
     +--+                               
        |        +----- Ctenodesmini **    
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     |  +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  |     +--+                   
        |  |        +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                            
           |        +-- Schepmaniini **    
           |  +-----+                   
           |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Caudiculatus **    
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Potomida **        
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Gonideini **

Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44 44 43 1 0 0 0 86 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 42 2 2 2 1 85 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Lamprotulini **    
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 36 4 2 2 1 78 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 41 1 2 2 1 81 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 39 1 2 2 1 81 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 36 4 2 2 1 80 
  +-------------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Ambleminae **      
     |  |                                     
     |  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+  |                                  
        |  |              +-- Anemina **         
        |  +--------------+                   
        |  |              +-- Amuranodonta **    
        +--+                                  
           |           +----- Pletholophus **    
           |  +--------+                      
           |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **     
           |  |        +--+                   
           |  |           +-- Beringiana **      
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Cristaria **       
              |  |                            
              |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **   
              +--+--------+                   
                 |        +-- Anodontina **      
                 |                            
                 |  +-------- Lanceolariini **   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Lepidodesmini **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Acuticostini **    
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Unionini **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 42 1 0 0 0 79 
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 36 1 0 0 0 77 
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 42 2 0 0 0 74 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 40 1 0 0 0 77 
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 41 1 0 0 0 79 
1

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 81 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 3 3 3 1 78 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 41 2 0 0 0 73 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 40 1 0 0 0 77 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 40 3 0 0 0 80 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 83 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 3 3 3 1 78 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 1 0 0 0 82 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 39 3 8 4 1 80 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
40 40 38 3 6 4 1 79 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 38 1 0 0 0 81 
1

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 30 4 2 2 1 74 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 35 4 2 2 1 74 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 80 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 80 
1

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 33 2 0 0 0 64 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 34 2 0 0 0 73 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
37 37 35 3 3 3 1 75 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
37 37 35 4 2 2 1 75 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Parreysiinae **    
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 26 1 0 0 0 75 
1

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 1 0 0 0 74 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 34 1 2 2 1 75 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 22 1 0 0 0 79 
1

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 20 1 0 0 0 79 
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 75 
1

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 76 
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 33 1 0 0 0 75 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 72 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 23 1 2 2 1 72 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 30 1 0 0 0 76 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 74 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 4 2 2 1 73 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 72 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 74 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 1 0 0 0 78 
1

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 26 2 0 0 0 58 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 3 3 3 1 74 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 21 1 0 0 0 76 
1

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 21 1 0 0 0 72 
1

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 34 32 3 1 1 1 76 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus **           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula **           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus **        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae        
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini **              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma **               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 34 33 2 5 4 1 72 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyriidae        
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 3 2 2 1 71 
  +----------------- Cumberlandia   
  |                                 
--+----------------- Margaritifera  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae **      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Sinosolenaia **   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
              +--+                  
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 3 10 6 1 69 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 14 3 2 2 1 71 
  +-------- Cumberlandia   
  |                        
  +-------- Margaritifera  
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae **      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
  +--+  |                  
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
        |                  
        +-- Sinosolenaia **   
        |                  
        +-- Ambleminae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 36 22 3 4 4 1 69 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 31 3 5 4 1 67 
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Quadrulina **      
  |  |                               
  |  |        +----- Lamprotulini **    
  +--+  +-----+                      
     |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
     |  |     +--+                   
     +--+        +-- Unioninae **       
        |                            
        |  +-------- Megalonaias **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Amblemini **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lampsilini **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 29 3 0 0 0 68 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 29 3 0 0 0 68 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 28 3 0 0 0 69 
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 27 1 0 0 0 73 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 30 2 0 0 0 57 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 27 2 2 2 1 66 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 22 3 0 0 0 69 
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 28 4 10 2 1 61 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 13 2 4 3 1 75 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 31 1 0 0 0 70 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 28 2 2 2 1 68 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 2 2 2 1 72 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 72 
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 3 2 2 1 68 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 26 2 2 2 1 72 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 3 3 3 1 68 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 28 3 1 1 1 68 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 26 1 2 2 1 72 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 28 4 2 1 1 61 
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae **  
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideinae **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 68 
1

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 30 2 4 2 1 72 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 20 1 0 0 0 66 
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 71 
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 72 
1

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 69 
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 72 
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 69 
1

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 69 
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 67 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 1 1 1 70 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 2 2 2 1 63 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 2 0 0 0 63 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 22 1 0 0 0 67 
1

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 23 1 0 0 0 66 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 23 2 2 2 1 64 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 1 2 2 1 66 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 18 1 0 0 0 66 
1

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 9 1 0 0 0 65 
1

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 6 1 0 0 0 65 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 2 0 0 0 66 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 19 4 22 2 1 34 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                         
  +--+  +----- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                      
     |  +----- Contradentini **   
     +--+                      
        +----- Unioninae **       
        |                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Ambleminae **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 4 0 0 0 49 
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **  
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae **     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini **    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini **     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia **       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio **    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus **
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini **     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema **    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla **     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis **     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma **    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia **       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria **    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 19 2 5 2 1 46 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionini **        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodontini **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 26 24 4 22 2 1 33 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Etheriidae      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unioninae **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Contradentini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Pseudodontini **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25 25 23 2 5 2 1 48 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionini **        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodontini **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 27 24 4 22 2 1 28 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Contradentini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Unioninae **       
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 2 4 3 1 62 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 3 0 0 0 65 
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Unioninae **   
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideinae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 21 4 12 2 1 50 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae ** 
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Contradentini **
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unioninae **    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 28 29 2 4 0 0 65 
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Iridinidae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 2 0 0 0 61 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 17 2 0 0 0 61 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 10 1 0 0 0 62 
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 20 2 3 3 1 62 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 2 2 2 1 60 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 23 4 12 2 1 51 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae ** 
  |                            
--+           +-- Pseudodontini **
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Contradentini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unioninae **    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 66 
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 2 0 0 0 60 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 16 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 64 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 1 1 1 60 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 59 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 64 
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 24 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 64 
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 3 20 7 1 61 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 56 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 3 20 7 1 61 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 2 10 2 1 60 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Parreysiinae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 64 
1

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 3 0 0 0 58 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 56 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 13 1 0 0 0 58 
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 18 3 3 2 1 60 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 19 2 2 2 1 63 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 23 2 0 0 0 58 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 14 2 2 2 1 61 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 1 1 1 59 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 20 18 3 1 1 1 58 
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 6 2 1 58 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 6 2 1 56 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 1 1 1 59 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 16 3 1 1 1 54 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini **    
  +--+                         
     +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |                         
     |  +----- Quadrulini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideinae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 2 2 1 61 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 1 3 4 3 1 55 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae **         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria **         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma **         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula **           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus **          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema **            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio **           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia **          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus **        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula **      
     |                      
     +-- Unio **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 0 0 0 60 
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 1 3 4 3 1 55 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae **         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria **         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma **         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula **           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus **          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema **            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio **           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia **          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus **        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema **         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 10 1 0 0 0 59 
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 13 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 1 1 1 56 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 14 4 13 2 1 51 
  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                                 
--+  +----------------------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                                              
  +--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia **       
        |  |                                        
        |  +----------------------- Amblemini **       
        +--+                                        
           |  +-------------------- Quadrulini **      
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema **      
              |  |                                  
              +--+  +-------------- Eurynia **         
                 |  |                               
                 |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias **      
                 +--+-----------+                   
                    |           +-- Unioninae **       
                    |                               
                    |  +----------- Ortmanniana **     
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-------- Glebula **         
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Potamilus **       
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Ligumia **         
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Toxolasma **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 19 17 2 3 3 1 64 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini **             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotula **          
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 62 
1

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 21 14 4 16 2 1 47 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                               
--+  +----------- Etheriidae      
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Anodontini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+  +----- Gonideinae **      
        |  |                      
        +--+----- Unionini **        
           |                      
           |  +-- Margaritiferidae
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 60 
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 4 13 2 1 43 
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae **  
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 0 0 0 58 
  +----------------- Sinanodonta **  
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Cristaria **    
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Gonideinae **   
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Ambleminae **   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Aculamprotula **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 15 3 2 2 1 57 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 28 16 4 13 2 1 45.5 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Eurynia **         
--+  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Fusconaia **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema **      
  |  |                                  
  +--+----------------- Quadrulini **      
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Ortmanniana **     
     +-----+                            
     |     |  +-------- Glebula **         
     |     +--+                         
     |        |  +----- Potamilus **       
     |        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Ligumia **         
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Toxolasma **       
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Cyrtonaias **      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unionini **        
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Anodontini **      
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Hyriidae        
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridinidae      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Mycetopodidae

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 20 17 4 13 2 1 43 
  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Ambleminae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 60 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 20 17 4 13 2 1 43 
  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideinae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 1 1 1 56 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 0 0 0 60 
                 +-- Gonideinae **   
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini ** 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Cuneopsis **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 2 2 1 57 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 18 11 3 1 0 0 59 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae **     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyriidae       
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 5 3 1 57 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 60 
1

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 1 2 2 1 59 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 2 2 2 1 58 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 60 
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 5 3 1 57 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 54 
1

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 13 1 1 1 1 56 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 13 3 0 0 0 54 
  +-- Gonideinae **
  |             
--+-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 18 2 4 2 1 60 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 3 1 1 1 57 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 4 1 1 56 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 60 
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 3 3 3 3 1 57 
  +----------- Cumberlandia       
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera      
  |                               
  |  +-------- Gonideinae **         
--+  |                            
  |  |     +-- Elliptio **           
  |  |     |                      
  |  |     +-- Fusconaia **          
  |  |     |                      
  +--+  +--+-- Amblemini **          
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pleurobema **         
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Unionini **           
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Utterbackia **        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
        +--+                      
           +-- Megalonaias **        
           |                      
           +-- Obliquaria **         
           |                      
           +-- Theliderma **         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula **           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 3 0 0 0 57 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lanceolariini **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 59 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 2 1 1 55 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 12 2 0 0 0 58 
        +-- Lanceolariini **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 2 0 0 0 58 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 59 
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 0 0 0 55 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 1 1 1 52 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 10 2 3 2 1 55 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 2 2 1 54 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 56 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 2 3 3 1 52 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 1 1 1 1 57 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 3 3 2 1 53 
  +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
  |                                             
--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
  |  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_falcata         
  +--+                                          
     |  +-------- Unioninae **                     
     |  |                                       
     +--+     +-- Pleurobemini **                  
        |  +--+                                 
        |  |  +-- Gonideinae **                    
        +--+                                    
           |  +-- Lampsilini **                    
           +--+                                 
              +-- Quadrulini **

Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 55 
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 1 1 1 54 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+        +-- Quadrulini **      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pleurobemini **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 12 2 1 1 1 54 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 55 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 11 2 1 1 1 55 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 50 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 9 2 1 1 1 54 
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini **      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 4 1 1 1 51 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 2 0 0 0 55 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 0 0 0 51 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 54 
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 0 0 0 51 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 2 1 1 51 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 14 12 2 1 1 1 55 
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 6 1 1 35 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Contradentini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unioninae **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Gonideini **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 1 2 2 1 56 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 1 1 1 56 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 2 2 1 50 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
  |           +-- Anodontina **      
--+  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Utterbackia **     
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideinae **      
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unionini **        
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pyganodon **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Cristariina **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 3 1 1 47 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Gonidea **         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversidens **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unioninae **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 0 0 0 53 
        +-- Gonideini **      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 54 
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 13 11 3 3 1 1 52 
  +-------------- Unioninae **       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lampsilini **      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Margaritiferidae

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 12 2 0 0 0 55 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 57 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 56 
1

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 2 1 1 52 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 3 3 1 1 47 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Gonidea **         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversidens **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unioninae **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 53 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 3 3 1 54 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 6 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 23 12 1 55 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Ambleminae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 2 1 1 1 49 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 7 1 0 0 0 55 
1

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 3 0 0 0 53 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 54 
1

Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 4 23 12 1 55 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Ambleminae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 16 13 3 26 6 1 52 
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 3 1 1 1 50 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 2 2 1 54 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 1 1 1 1 52 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 11 9 2 1 1 1 52 
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 4 3 1 48 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 5 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 6 3 1 1 1 52 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 11 13 2 1 1 1 52 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 53 
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 3 0 0 0 49 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 6 0 0 56 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula **             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida **               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini **             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini **           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotula **          
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini **             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 1 1 1 50 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 52 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 3 2 1 50 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Quadrulini **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 1 1 1 49 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 14 2 0 0 0 52 
     +-- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Parreysiinae ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 0 0 0 49 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 8 2 0 0 0 53 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 1 1 1 51 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 0 4 6 0 0 51 
  +-- Aculamprotula **  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula **     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini **     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida **       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae **   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 1 1 1 53 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodontini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **   
        +--+                   
           +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 2 2 1 53 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 50 
  +----- Gonideini **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 54 
1

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 10 2 1 1 1 49 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 2 1 1 49 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 2 1 1 47 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 3 2 1 48 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 5 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 15 7 4 6 0 0 55 
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
  |                     
  +-------- Gonideinae **  
--+                     
  |     +-- Hyriidae    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trigoniidae 
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Pleurobemini **
     |  |               
     +--+-- Lampsilini **  
        |               
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 2 1 52 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 0 0 0 47 
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lampsilis **    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideinae **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Venustaconcha **
           +--+                
              +-- Quadrulini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 45 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 53 
1

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 1 1 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 2 2 1 53 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 2 1 52 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 52 
1

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 2 1 1 51 
  +----- Gonideinae **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 0 0 0 47 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 3 2 0 0 0 49 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 45 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 6 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 10 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 2 2 1 51 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 1 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 9 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 7 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 4 1 1 1 1 50 
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferidae
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 0 0 0 48 
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 6 1 0 0 0 51 
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 1 1 1 50 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 1 1 1 49 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 0 0 0 45 
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 2 1 50 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 2 2 1 51 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 48 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 3 2 1 1 46 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Unioninae **       
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 3 2 1 1 46 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Unioninae **       
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 2 3 0 0 0 48 
  +----- Gonideinae **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  |  +-- Lampsilini **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **
     |                
     +-- Quadrulini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 2 2 1 50 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 4 23 12 1 50 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Parreysiinae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 15 13 3 11 1 1 56.5 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Unionini **        
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Anodontini **      
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiini **     
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Coelaturini **     
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Hyriidae        
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Iridinidae      
              |  |                      
              +--+  +-- Anodontitinae   
                 |  |                   
                 +--+-- Mycetopodinae   
                    |                   
                    +-- Etheriidae

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 4 1 1 1 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50 
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 2 1 50 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 2 1 1 1 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 1 1 1 49 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lampsilini **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 1 1 1 46.5 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideini **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 47 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 43 
  +-------- Quadrulini **  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini **

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 49 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 1 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 47 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 47 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 45 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 2 2 1 49 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 1 1 1 49 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 47 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49 
1

Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 3 0 0 0 47 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
--+-- Ambleminae **
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 46 
1

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 45 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 2 2 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 2 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 26 10 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 47 
  +----- Lampsilini **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Quadrulini **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 2 1 48 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 7 1 1 42 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 26 10 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 1 1 1 46 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 42 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 47 
  +----- Quadrulini **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Lampsilini **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48 
1

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 3 0 0 0 47 
  +-- Ambleminae **
  |             
--+-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 45 
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae **

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 45 
1

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 44 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 45 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 8 7 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 14 12 2 11 1 1 45.5 
     +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 12 1 1 46 
  +----- Unioninae **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae **

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 2 2 1 1 1 47 
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 3 1 1 46 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Lampsilini **      
     |                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 12 1 1 46 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 2 9 7 1 46 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Unionini **        
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Anodontini **      
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 45 
1

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46 
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 7 7 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 46 
1

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 25 14 1 46 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 3 25 14 1 46 
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46 
  +----- Sinanodonta **
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristaria **  
  +--+              
     +-- Gonideinae **

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 1 0 0 44 
     +-- None__1   
  +--+             
  |  +-- None__2   
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae **

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47 
1

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 3 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 9 7 1 45 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 3 1 1 45 
  +----- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 1 1 1 -- 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 3 1 1 45 
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 11 11 1 -- 
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 11 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 6 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Epioblasma_triquetra **
 
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