The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 subfamilies, 32 genera Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to
provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic
work supports the classification used here. The Cladomics Summary provides an
overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this
taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently
asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on
the FARQ! Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 792 (1054 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 37
analyzed in 560 cladograms in 310 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
160 (mean = 21.04, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.89, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 538
maximum number of included terminals = 160, (mean =
21.86 median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.93, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.93 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 193
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 160 (mean = 30.92, median = 20)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 2.9, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup
distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics
FARQ for more information.
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 45 | 39 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
--+ | | +-------- Contradentini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Hyriidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +-------- Mulleria
+--+
| +----- Etheria
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
+--+
+-- Iridinidae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 15 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 160 | 160 | 143 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 182 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 160 | 160 | 98 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 178 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| | +----------- Chamberlainia **
--+ | |
| | +----------- Megalonaias **
| | |
| | +----------- Uniomerus **
| | |
+--+ +----------- Quadrulina **
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+----------- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--------+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
+----- Truncilla **
|
+----- Venustaconcha **
|
+----- Cambarunio **
|
+----- Leaunio **
|
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 158 | 158 | 156 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 175 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 125 | 125 | 72 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 148 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Unioninae **
| |
| | +----- Ambleminae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 137 | 123 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 152.5 | +-- Chamberlainia **
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Hyriidae
+--------------+
| | +----- Iridinidae
--+ +--+
| | +-- Mycetopodidae
| +--+
| +-- Etheriidae
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 114 | 114 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 135 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 113 | 113 | 98 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 152 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 112 | 112 | 100 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 110 | 110 | 92 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 140 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-- Lens **
| | |
| | +-- Ensidens **
+--+ |
| +--------+-- Physunio **
| | |
| | +-- Rectidens **
| | |
+--+ +-- Yaukthwa **
|
| +-------- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 103 | 103 | 62 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 202 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 131 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-------- Unioninae **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 128 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 82 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 81 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 84 | 84 | 80 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 119 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 84 | 84 | 82 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 119 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 83 | 83 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Unioninae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 79 | 79 | 77 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 114 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Contradentini **
+--+ | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lamprotulini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Inversiunio **
| +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini **
| |
| | +----- Anodontini **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
|
| +----------------- Globunio **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +----------- Unio **
| |
+--+ +-- Nodularia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 76 | 76 | 74 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 111 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 111 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 67 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 68 | 69 | 63 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 95 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 63 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 88 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 64 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 86 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 64 | 64 | 62 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 99 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 96 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 96 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 49 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 55 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 59 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 57 | 57 | 55 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 91 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 57 | 48 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 86 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 50 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 52 | 52 | 50 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 50 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 91 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 87 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 47 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Ambleminae **
|
--+----- Gonideinae **
|
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 85 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 88 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 39 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 90 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 47 | 49 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 94 | +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 47 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 82 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 82 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Parreysiinae **
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Discomya **
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 51 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 93 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana **
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria **
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina **
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 83 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 39 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 29 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 33 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 33 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 72 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 | +----- Prolasmidonta **
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta **
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotula **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias **
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon **
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 31 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 67 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae **
|
| +-------- Megalonaias **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 36 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 69 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Ambleminae **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Cumberlandia
|
+-------- Margaritifera
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
| |
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +----------------- Cumberlandia
|
--+----------------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 69 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 67 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 70 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 64 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 34 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----- Contradentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
+--+
| +----- Ligumia **
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 26 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 33 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 27 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 28 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 28 | 29 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 21 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Amblemini **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-------- Lampsilini **
|
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 64 | +-------------------- Margaritiferinae
|
| +----------------- Anodontini **
--+ |
| | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotula **
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Acuticostini **
Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------- Etheriidae
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+----- Unionini **
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 45.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Amblemini **
| |
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----------------- Eurynia **
--+ |
| +----------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------- Gonideinae **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+----------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Glebula **
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma **
|
| +-------------- Cyrtonaias **
+--+
| +----------- Unionini **
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Hyriidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Unio **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Unionini **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----------------- Sinanodonta **
|
--+ +-------------- Cristaria **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--------+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Nodularia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Glebula **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Toxolasma **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | +-- Gonideinae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----------- Cristariina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta **
| |
| +-------- Unionini **
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina **
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 59 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +-- Gonideinae **
+--------------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+
| +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +-------- Unio **
+--+
| +----- Nodularia **
+--+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-------- Anodontini **
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +----------- Cumberlandia
|
+----------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------- Gonideinae **
--+ |
| | +-- Elliptio **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia **
| | |
+--+ +--+-- Amblemini **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Unionini **
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
+-- Megalonaias **
|
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Lanceolariini **
+-----+
| +-- Unionini **
--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 55 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Quadrulini **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Lampsilini **
|
+----- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
|
--+ +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
| +--------+
| | +-- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 52 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 35 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-- Anodontina **
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Utterbackia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon **
+--+
+-- Cristariina **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------------- Unioninae **
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +----- Anodontini **
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
|
+-------- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Trigoniidae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 53 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-------------- Cristariina **
--+
| +----------- Alasmidontina **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Anodontina **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
+--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Unionini **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 56.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------------- Parreysiini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Coelaturini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Hyriidae
| |
+--+ +----- Iridinidae
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontitinae
| |
+--+-- Mycetopodinae
|
+-- Etheriidae
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Gonideinae **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46.5 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Ambleminae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- None__1
+--+
| +-- None__2
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +----- Sinanodonta **
--+
| +-- Cristaria **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 45.5 | +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Hyriidae
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Unionini **
| |
+--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------- Cristaria **
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- |
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