Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily UNIONINAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 tribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 226 (277 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 5
analyzed in 422 cladograms in 235 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 156 (mean = 12.16, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 2.07, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 375
maximum number of included terminals = 156, (mean = 13.56 median = 8)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 2.2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.93

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 178
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 156 (mean = 18.12, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 3.19, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.88

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unioninae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unioninae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
156 156 164 5 476 411 3 0 
                                +----- Amuranodonta **                
  +-----------------------------+                                  
  |                             |  +-- Anemina **                     
  |                             +--+                               
  |                                +-- Buldowskia **                  
  |                                                                
  |                                +-- Beringiana **                  
  |                          +-----+                               
--+                          |     +-- Pletholophus **                
  |  +-----------------------+                                     
  |  |                       |  +----- Mimo **                        
  |  |                       +--+                                  
  |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta **                    
  |  |                          +--+                               
  |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta **                 
  |  |                                                             
  +--+  +----------------------------- Cristaria **                   
     |  |                                                          
     |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini **               
     |  |           |                                              
     |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini **               
     |  |           |  +--+                                        
     |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2 **
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                     
     +--+  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2 **     
        |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1 **     
        |  |           |        +--+                               
        |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1 **
        |  |           |                                           
        |  |           |  +----------- Globunio **                    
        |  |           +--+                                        
        |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **             
        +--+              +--+                                     
           |                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **          
           |                 +--+                                  
           |                    |  +-- Unionina **                    
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +-- Oxynaiina **                   
           |                                                       
           |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus **            
           |  +--------------+                                     
           |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona **                   
           |  |              +--+                                  
           |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna **                   
           +--+                 +--+                               
              |                    +-- Arcidens **                    
              |                                                    
              |  +-------------------- Anodontina **                  
              |  |                                                 
              +--+                 +-- Utterbackia **                 
                 |  +--------------+                               
                 |  |              +-- Pyganodon **                   
                 +--+                                              
                    |  +-------------- Utterbackiana **               
                    |  |                                           
                    +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias **                 
                       |  |                                        
                       |  |        +-- Alasminota **                  
                       +--+  +-----+                               
                          |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **                 
                          |  |                                     
                          +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **               
                             |  +--+                               
                             |  |  +-- Platynaias **                  
                             +--+                                  
                                |  +-- Anodontoides **                
                                +--+                               
                                   +-- Strophitus **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71 71 69 4 4 2 1 152 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71 71 59 5 51 40 3 143 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                 
  |           +----- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                     
--+           +----- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +----- Unionini **       
  |  |        |                     
  |  |        |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Anodontini **     
     |                              
     |  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
68 68 66 5 72 45 3 157 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
65 65 63 5 30 28 1 153 
  +-------------- Gonideinae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Anodontini **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
63 63 62 4 2 0 0 152 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
62 62 60 4 2 0 0 151 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 49 4 2 0 0 157 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
50 50 48 2 2 2 1 158 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
48 48 25 5 153 114 3 153 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae         
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Megalonaias          
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Uniomerus            
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Quadrulina           
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini         
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Gonideini            
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Rectidentini         
--+  |                                 
  |  |  +-------- Amblema              
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +-------- Toxolasma            
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobemini         
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  |     +-- Obliquaria           
  |  |  +-----+                        
  |  |  |     +-- Plectomerus          
  |  +--+                              
  |  |  |  +----- Ellipsaria           
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon   
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Medionidus           
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Potamilus_alatus     
  |  |  |  |                           
  +--+  |  +----- Ptychobranchus       
     |  +--+                           
     |     +----- Truncilla            
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Venustaconcha        
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Cambarunio           
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Leaunio              
     |     |                           
     |     |  +-- Ortmanniana          
     |     +--+                        
     |        +-- Lampsilis            
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Acuticostini **         
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anemina **              
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Cristaria **            
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Brachyanodon **         
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Lasmigona **            
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **        
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Pyganodon **            
     |  |                              
     +--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
        |                              
        +-------- Strophitus **           
        |                              
        +-------- Utterbackia **          
        |                              
        +-------- Schistodesmus **        
        |                              
        +-------- Unionina **             
        |                              
        +-------- Aculamprotulina **      
        |                              
        +-------- Lanceolariini **        
        |                              
        |     +-- Pletholophus **         
        +-----+                        
        |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
        |                              
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
        |  |                           
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
        |  |                           
        +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
           |                           
           +----- Nodularia **            
           |                           
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
           +--+                        
              +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
48 48 37 5 153 114 3 151 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |           +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                        
--+  +--------+  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |        |  |                     
  |  |        +--+----- Unionini **       
  |  |           |                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 44 5 152 113 3 156 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +-------- Chamberlainiini
     +--+  +-----+                        
        |  |     |  +----- Ambleminae     
        |  |     +--+                     
        |  |        |  +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+        +--+                  
           |           +-- Gonideini      
           |                              
           |  +----------- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Unionini **       
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 43 5 45 39 3 157 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 43 5 45 39 3 157 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 44 5 49 38 3 158 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 41 5 49 38 3 159 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 41 5 42 33 2 151 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
42 42 40 5 45 36 2 152 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 150 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
38 38 36 5 0 0 0 154 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 36 4 33 10 3 145 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                                     
  |                    +-- Ambleminae   
--+  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Gonideinae   
  |  |                                  
  +--+                 +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
     |  |                               
     +--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
        |  |        +--+                
        +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
           |                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
              |  +-----+                
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lanceolariini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 4 33 10 3 141 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                                     
  |                    +-- Ambleminae   
--+  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Gonideinae   
  |  |                                  
  +--+                 +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
     |  |                               
     +--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
        |  |        +--+                
        +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
           |                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
              |  +-----+                
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Lanceolariini **
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 4 33 10 3 143 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                       
  |              +-------- Chamberlainiini
  |  +-----------+                        
--+  |           |  +----- Ambleminae     
  |  |           +--+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Gonideini      
     |                                    
     |                 +-- Anemina **        
     |  +--------------+                  
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **     
     |  |                                 
     +--+           +----- Sinanodonta **    
        |  +--------+                     
        |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus **   
        |  |        +--+                  
        +--+           +-- Beringiana **     
           |                              
           |  +----------- Cristaria **      
           |  |                           
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **     
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Unionini **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 1 0 0 0 158 
1

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 2 0 0 0 159 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 29 5 9 7 3 163 
                    +-- Gonideinae            
  +-----------------+                         
  |                 +-- Ambleminae            
  |                                           
--+  +----------------- Parreysiinae          
  |  |                                        
  |  |              +-- Anemina **               
  +--+  +-----------+                         
     |  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
     |  |                                     
     |  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
     +--+  +-----+                            
        |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
        |  |     +--+                         
        |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
        +--+                                  
           |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
           |  +-----+                         
           |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
              |  |                            
              |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha **
              |  |                            
              +--+----- Cristaria **             
                 |                            
                 |  +-- Acuticostini **          
                 |  |                         
                 +--+-- Lepidodesmini **         
                    |                         
                    +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 5 38 29 2 153 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 38 31 5 9 7 3 159 
  +----------------------- Gonideinae   
  |                                     
--+  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
  |  |                                  
  |  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+  |                               
     |  |              +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Amuranodonta ** 
     +--+                               
        |           +----- Pletholophus ** 
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
        |  |        +--+                
        |  |           +-- Beringiana **   
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+--------+                
              |        +-- Anodontina **   
              |                         
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 2 0 0 0 154 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 5 40 29 2 159 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 28 5 20 18 2 154 
  +----------------- Quadrulini     
  |                                 
  +----------------- Pleurobemini   
  |                                 
  |              +-- Amblemini      
--+--------------+                  
  |              +-- Lampsilini     
  |                                 
  |              +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Gonideini      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Lepidodesmini **  
        |  |                        
        +--+-------- Unionini **       
           |                        
           |  +----- Anodontini **     
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Acuticostini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 36 5 14 12 1 160 
  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
     |  |                         
     +--+  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 5 40 29 2 159 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 5 23 22 3 153 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+           +-- Ambleminae   
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 28 5 9 7 3 168 
              +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
     |  |                      
     +--+  +----- Lepidodesmini **
        |  |                   
        +--+----- Unionini **     
           |                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 14 12 1 164 
                       +-- Lamprotulini   
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Gonideini      
--+                                       
  |  +-------------------- Chamberlainiini
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Anemina **        
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------------- Acuticostini **   
        |  |                              
        +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **    
           |  |                           
           +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
              |  |                        
              +--+     +-- Cristaria **      
                 |  +--+                  
                 |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 9 7 3 166 
                          +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----------------------+                
  |                       +-- Gonideinae   
--+                                        
  |  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Unionini **     
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +----------------- Acuticostini ** 
        |  |                               
        |  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+  +-----------+                
           |  |           +-- Anodontina **   
           |  |                            
           |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini **
           +--+  +-----+                   
              |  |     |  +-- Cristaria **    
              |  |     +--+                
              |  |        +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                         
                 |        +-- Anemina **      
                 |  +-----+                
                 |  |     +-- Amuranodonta ** 
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Pletholophus ** 
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
                       +--+                
                          +-- Beringiana **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 9 7 3 168 
                    +-- Gonideinae     
  +-----------------+                  
  |                 +-- Ambleminae     
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Globunionina **   
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Unionina **       
        |  |     +--+                  
        +--+        +-- Oxynaiina **      
           |                           
           |  +-------- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 24 5 9 7 3 162 
                 +-- Gonideinae            
  +--------------+                         
  |              +-- Ambleminae            
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Parreysiinae          
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Anemina **               
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
     |  |                                  
     |  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
     +--+  +--+                            
        |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
        |  |  +--+                         
        |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
           |  |                            
           |  +----- Acuticostini **          
           |  |                            
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini **         
           |  |                            
           +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha **
              |                            
              +----- Cristaria **             
              |                            
              +----- Unionini **              
              |                            
              |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
              +--+                         
                 +-- Anodontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 36 25 2 160 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 29 1 4 2 1 151 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 25 3 52 41 3 166 
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                          
  |                    +----- Unionini **       
--+  +-----------------+                     
  |  |                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                 +--+                  
  +--+                    +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                       
     |  +-------------------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 26 2 2 0 0 151 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 2 3 97 97 3 168 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae            
  |                                          
  |  +-------------- Pseudodontini           
  |  |                                       
--+  |  +----------- Rectidentini            
  |  |  |                                    
  |  |  |     +----- Ambleminae              
  |  |  |     |                              
  |  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainia           
  +--+  |     |  |                           
     |  |     |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     |  |     |  |                           
     |  |     |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
     |  |  +--+  |                           
     |  |  |  |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |  |  |  |                           
     +--+  |  |  +-- Potomida                
        |  |  |  |                           
        |  |  |  +-- Pronodularia            
        |  |  |  |                           
        |  |  +--+-- Gonidea                 
        |  |     |                           
        |  |     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi    
        |  |     |                           
        |  |     +-- Leguminaia              
        |  |     |                           
        |  |     +-- Microcondylaea          
        |  |     |                           
        +--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata   
           |     |                           
           |     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora   
           |     |                           
           |     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita  
           |                                 
           |  +----- Unionini **                
           |  |                              
           |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
           |  |  |                           
           |  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **        
           |  |  |                           
           |  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **         
           |  |  |                           
           |  |  +-- Brachyanodon **            
           +--+  |                           
              |  +-- Lasmigona **               
              |  |                           
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **           
              |  |                           
              |  +-- Pyganodon **               
              |  |                           
              |  +-- Simpsonaias **             
              |  |                           
              |  +-- Strophitus **              
              +--+                           
                 +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **       
                 |                           
                 +-- Cristaria_plicata **       
                 |                           
                 +-- Cristaria_radiata **       
                 |                           
                 +-- Pletholophus **            
                 |                           
                 +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **      
                 |                           
                 +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **     
                 |                           
                 +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola **    
                 |                           
                 +-- Lanceolaria_grayii **      
                 |                           
                 +-- Lanceolaria_danzhouensis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 156 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 3 111 86 3 165 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Unionini **       
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
        |  |     +--+                  
        +--+        +-- Anodontini **     
           |                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 5 25 23 2 160 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 19 2 3 3 2 160 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 19 3 111 86 3 162 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                     
  |     +-------------- Rectidentini    
  |  +--+                               
--+  |  |  +----------- Ambleminae      
  |  |  +--+                            
  |  |     |  +-------- Pseudodontini   
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Gonideini       
  +--+        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini 
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lamprotulini    
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Unionini **        
     |     |                            
     +-----+  +-------- Lanceolariini **   
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              |  |                      
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
              +--+                      
                 +----- Alasmidontina **   
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 5 26 23 2 160 
              +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Gonideinae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 156 
1

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 25 2 3 3 2 166 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 154 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 1 1 1 155 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 24 1 4 2 1 150 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 5 14 14 2 165 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 4 2 1 151 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 22 14 2 161 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 65 48 3 166 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |        +----------- Acuticostini **   
  |  +-----+                           
--+  |     |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |     +--+                        
  |  |        |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 65 48 3 164 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |           +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                        
--+  +--------+     +-- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |        |  +--+                  
  |  |        |  |  +-- Unionini **       
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 14 11 2 156 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 50 40 2 169 
  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Gonideini      
     |  |                              
     +--+           +-- Chamberlainiini
        |  +--------+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Unionini **       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 50 40 2 167 
  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Gonideini      
     |  |                              
     +--+           +-- Chamberlainiini
        |  +--------+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Unionini **       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 20 14 2 161 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 30 20 2 162 
              +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 4 0 0 0 155 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 22 19 2 160 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 159 
  +----- Unionini **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 5 5 12 8 1 175 
  +-------- Gonideinae               
  |                                  
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__1 **
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__2 **
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **     
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **     
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **        
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **      
--+  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **    
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 **   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 **   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **    
  +--+                               
     +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **    
     |                               
     +----- Pletholophus **             
     |                               
     +----- Anemina **                  
     |                               
     +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata **   
     |                               
     +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **     
     |                               
     +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **     
     |                               
     +----- Sinanodonta_angula **       
     |                               
     +----- Lepidodesmini **            
     |                               
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **          
     +--+                            
     |  +-- Acuticostini **             
     |                               
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **                
     +--+                            
     |  +-- Nodularia **                
     |                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **            
     +--+                            
        +-- Inversiunio **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 2 2 1 164 
  +-------------- Gonideinae            
  |                                     
--+  +----------- Acuticostini **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii **    
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontini **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 169 
  +----- Unionini **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 26 23 2 158 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 22 19 2 160 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 15 4 2 2 1 159 
  +----------- Gonideinae            
  |                                  
--+  +-------- Acuticostini **          
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii **    
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
     +--+                            
        +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata **
        |                            
        |  +-- Anodontini **            
        +--+                         
           +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 4 2 2 1 163 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 22 5 12 8 1 173 
  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Anodontini **   
  |  |                            
  |  |           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  +--+  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Nodularia **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Inversiunio **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 4 17 14 2 159.5 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 0 1 85 84 2 167 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 6 6 1 163 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 28 22 2 159 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 17 13 2 159 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 14 11 2 158 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 24 14 2 156 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 5 3 1 162 
  +-------- Gonideinae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 10 2 0 0 0 167 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon **                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota **                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionini **                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias **                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 13 11 2 158 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 4 35 33 3 167 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Unionini **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 0 0 0 160 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 162 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 12 11 2 166 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 161 
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 14 14 2 157 
        +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 2 0 0 163 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 0 0 0 161 
        +-- Unionina **       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 2 0 0 0 157 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 22 20 3 165 
                 +-- Ambleminae     
  +--------------+                  
  |              +-- Gonideinae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Anodontini **     
     |  |                           
     |  |        +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Lanceolariini **  
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **  
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Unionina **       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 16 3 65 65 3 166 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                                
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini 
  |  |                             
  |  |  +----------- Rectidentini  
  +--+  |                          
     |  |     +----- Unionini **      
     |  |  +--+                    
     |  |  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini ** 
     +--+  |  +--+                 
        |  |     +-- Anodontini **    
        |  |                       
        |  |     +-- Lamprotula    
        |  |     |                 
        |  |     +-- Potomida      
        +--+     |                 
           |     +-- Pronodularia  
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Gonidea       
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Leguminaia    
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Microcondylaea
           |     |                 
           +-----+-- Amblemini     
                 |                 
                 +-- Ortmanniana   
                 |                 
                 +-- Lampsilis     
                 |                 
                 +-- Cambarunio    
                 |                 
                 +-- Elliptio      
                 |                 
                 +-- Pleurobema    
                 |                 
                 +-- Quadrulini

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 2 2 2 1 161 
  +-------- Gonideinae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 14 5 5 3 1 171 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini ** 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 36 34 2 168 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 11 5 5 3 1 170 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Acuticostini **      
--+  |                              
  |  +----------- Cristariina **       
  |  |                              
  +--+----------- Anodontina **        
     |                              
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini **     
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+-----+                     
        |     +-- Lepidodesmini **     
        |                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 13 2 1 0 0 157 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 18 16 4 1 1 1 158 
           +-- Gonideinae     
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini **  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Acuticostini **   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 14 14 2 159 
           +-- Ambleminae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 5 21 19 3 168 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodontini **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 21 4 15 15 2 176 
     +-------- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                        
  |  |  +----- Lamprotulini   
  |  +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Gonideini      
--+     +--+                  
  |        +-- Ambleminae     
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Aculamprotulina **
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Anodontini **     
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 15 2 23 18 1 158 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 15 15 2 169 
           +-- Gonideinae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 21 20 2 165 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae     
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Anodontini **     
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Unionina **       
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
              +--+                  
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 3 21 20 2 163 
        +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 34 32 3 19 18 2 191 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina **               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina **         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosulinae            
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 15 12 4 1 1 1 164 
        +-- Lanceolariini **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 156 
1

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 13 1 6 5 2 158 
  +-------- Amblemini   
  |                     
  +-------- Pleurobemini
--+                     
  +-------- Lampsilini  
  |                     
  |  +----- Quadrulini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 20 18 2 175 
     +----------- Sinosolenaia   
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
  |  +--+                        
  |     |  +----- Chamberlainiini
  |     +--+                     
  |        |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
--+        +--+                  
  |           +-- Ambleminae     
  |                              
  |  +----------- Anodontini **     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +----- Acuticostini **   
  +--+  +--+                     
     |  |  |  +-- Nodularia **      
     |  |  +--+                  
     +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        |                        
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Lepidodesmini **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 160 
1

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 2 3 2 2 162 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 5 5 20 18 2 172 
           +-- Ptychorhynchus 
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini
           |                  
  +--------+-- Lamprotulini   
  |        |                  
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia   
  |        |                  
  |        +-- Ambleminae     
  |                           
  |  +-------- Strophitus **     
--+  |                        
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Cristariina **    
  +--+                        
     +-------- Lanceolariini **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Nodularia **      
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |                        
     |  +----- Utterbackia **    
     |  |                     
     +--+----- Utterbackiana **  
        |                     
        |  +-- Alasmidonta **    
        +--+                  
           +-- Lasmigona **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 28 8 2 161 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+  +----------- Gonideinae     
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 1 1 1 167 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
--+  +----------- Unionina **          
  |  |                              
  +--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Oxynaiina **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Anodontini **        
           +--+                     
              +-- Lepidodesmini **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 14 3 8 4 1 165 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 28 8 2 157 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 1 0 0 0 160 
1

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 1 1 0 0 159 
1

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 2 2 1 161 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 15 11 1 167 
1

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 19 17 4 8 5 1 173 
  +----------------- Anodontini **             
  |                                         
  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini        
  |  +--+                                   
--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii       
  |  |  +--+                                
  |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata     
  |  |     +--+                             
  |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
  +--+        +--+                          
     |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae
     |                                      
     |        +----- Aculamprotulina **        
     |     +--+                             
     |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
     |     |  +--+                          
     +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
           |                                
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
              +--+                          
                 +-- Acuticostini **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 9 9 2 163 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 166 
  +-- Unionini **     
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 1 1 1 162 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 1 0 0 163 
1

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 2 5 2 1 164 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 1 2 0 0 160 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 163.5 
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 161 
1

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 1 26 21 2 160 
  +-------------- Quadrulina     
  |                              
  |        +----- Lamprotulini   
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Anodontini **     
     |                           
     |  +-------- Megalonaias    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pleurobemini   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Amblemini      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lampsilini

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 9 9 2 162 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 2 2 1 168 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 20 18 3 163 
  +----------- Parreysiinae
  |                        
--+        +-- Ambleminae  
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Anodontini **  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Acuticostini **
        +--+               
           +-- Unionini **

Prie et al., 2026 [Publ 4818], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 162 
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 2 8 6 1 165 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 4 4 2 165 
        +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Ambleminae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 2 0 0 0 161 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 5 3 2 163 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 1 6 3 1 162 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 2 1 0 0 161 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 15 9 2 164 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Gonideinae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Unionina **       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 13 10 2 162 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 12 7 2 162 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 2 2 1 164 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 2 0 0 160 
  +-- Unionini **     
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 5 1 23 21 1 168.5 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 12 7 2 162 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 3 10 8 2 161 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 15 9 2 162 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 7 5 2 170 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Globunionina ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 0 0 0 162 
  +----- Lanceolariini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontini **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 5 2 0 0 0 165 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 18 11 3 9 8 2 174 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Velesunioninae 
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 161 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 163 
1

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 29 29 1 170 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 11 10 2 163 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 2 2 2 165 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 5 3 2 161 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 2 0 0 163 
1

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 4 4 1 166 
  +-------------- Gonideinae          
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Anodontini **          
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Oxynaiina **           
     |  |                             
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii **  
        |  |                          
        +--+----- Acuticostini **        
           |                          
           |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola **
           +--+                       
              +-- Aculamprotulina **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 16 16 3 169 
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                                 
  |                 +-------------- Oxynaiina **       
  |                 |                               
  |  +--------------+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+  |              |  |                            
  |  |              +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
  |  |                 |  |                         
  |  |                 +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
  |  |                    |  +--+                   
  |  |                    |  |  +-- Unio_caffer **     
  +--+                    +--+                      
     |                       |  +-- Anodonta **        
     |                       +--+                   
     |                          +-- Alasmidontina **   
     |                                              
     |  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini    
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini      
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini       
           |  |                                     
           |  |              +----- Eurynia         
           +--+  +-----------+                      
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio      
              |  |           +--+                   
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus  
              +--+                                  
                 |              +-- Amblemini       
                 |  +-----------+                   
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema      
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----------- Truncilla       
                    |  |                            
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis       
                       |  +-----+                   
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma      
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Ligumia         
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Obliquaria      
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Ortmanniana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 164 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 49 42 3 166 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Unionini **     
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 161 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 0 0 0 163 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 2 3 2 2 165 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 49 42 3 164 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
  |                         
--+----------- Gonideinae   
  |                         
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 0 0 0 161 
  +-- Unionini **   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 18 16 3 10 10 2 172 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Cristaria **      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Gonideinae     
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 25 19 2 22 17 1 182 
  +----- Unionini **  
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 2 0 0 167 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 9 7 2 162 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 161 
1

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 160 
1

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 25 23 2 22 17 1 182 
  +----- Unionini **  
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 8 3 4 4 1 171 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Nodularia **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Inversiunio **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 160 
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 2 3 2 2 167 
  +----------------- Ambleminae       
  |                                   
--+  +-------------- Gonideinae       
  |  |                                
  +--+  +----------- Oxynaiina **        
     |  |                             
     |  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
     +--+        |                    
        |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
        |  |     |                    
        |  |     +-- Anodontini **       
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
           |  |                       
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
           +--+                       
              +----- Unio_mancus **      
              |                       
              |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
              +--+                    
                 +-- Unio_crassus **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 162 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 4 0 0 164 
1

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 5 5 1 166 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 160 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 166 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 3 1 165 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 12 11 2 163 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 2 0 0 0 164 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini **   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 12 10 2 7 5 2 174 
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+        +-- Gonideinae 
  |  +-----+              
  |  |     +-- Ambleminae 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Unionini **   
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Cristariina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 165 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 163 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 16 15 2 163 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 12 11 2 163 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 9 8 2 165 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 9 7 2 167 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Gonideinae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Anodontini **     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 2 0 0 161 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 2 2 1 165 
  +-------- Gonideini   
--+                     
  |  +----- Lamprotulini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 4 2 1 0 0 167 
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferinae
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 2 1 1 1 1 167 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 3 2 1 163 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 3 2 2 164 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 163 
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 18 1 2 16 12 2 179.5 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina **    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 7 7 2 162 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 96 94 2 165 
        +-- Chamberlainiini
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini **     
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 4 2 1 0 0 163 
  +-- Margaritiferinae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 166 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 164 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 2 0 0 167 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 167 
1

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 9 7 3 4 3 1 165 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Gonideinae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 7 7 2 162 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 162 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 3 2 1 163 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 41 19 3 164 
  +-------- Pseudodontini
  |                      
  |  +----- Parreysiinae 
--+  |                   
  |  +----- Rectidentini 
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Unionini **     
     +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 40 18 3 164 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 1 0 0 162 
1

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 96 94 2 168 
  +-------- Chamberlainiini
  |                        
--+-------- Anodontini **     
  |                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 164 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 40 18 3 164 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 2 1 29 29 1 164 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 22 18 1 171.5 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 16 14 3 10 10 2 172 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lanceolariini **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 166 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 2 2 1 0 0 165 
  +-- Margaritiferinae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 163 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 41 19 3 164 
           +-- Unionini **     
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Anodontini **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Ambleminae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudodontini

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 21 18 1 171 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 162 
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 1 0 0 165 
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 6 4 2 163 
     +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 2 0 0 165 
1

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 165 
1

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 163 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 165 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 29 6 3 165 
     +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unionini **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 2 2 1 163 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 15 10 2 26 13 3 175 
  +-------------------- Amblemini              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae           
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Eurynia                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Fusconaia              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Gonideinae             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Pleurobema             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrulini             
--+                                            
  |        +----------- Ortmanniana            
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +-------- Glebula                
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +----- Potamilus              
  |           +--+                             
  |              |  +-- Ligumia                
  |              +--+                          
  |                 +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Cyrtonaias             
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +-------------- Unionini **               
     |  |                                      
     |  |  +----------- Anodontini **             
     +--+  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Iridininae             
        |  |     |                             
        +--+  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
           |  |  |  |                          
           |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
           |  |     |                          
           +--+     +-- Monocondylaeinae       
              |                                
              |  +----- Rhipidodontini         
              |  |                             
              |  +----- Echyridella            
              +--+                             
                 +----- Lortiella              
                 |                             
                 |  +-- Castaliini             
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Velesunio

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 9 6 2 165 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 165 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 18 1 2 17 13 2 179 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 2 2 1 163 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 2 2 26 13 3 164 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
  |                      
--+  +----- Ambleminae   
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Unio_pictorum **
     |  |                
     +--+-- Unio_tumidus ** 
        |                
        +-- Anodontini **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 6 4 2 163 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 163 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 4 4 1 165 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 11 8 2 165 
  +-------- Anodontini **  
  |                     
--+     +-- Pleurobemini
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Quadrulini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 163 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
  |                     
--+     +-- Unionini **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 29 6 3 165 
     +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unionini **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 1 0 0 167 
  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 19 12 2 29 13 3 176 
  +-------- Anodontini **      
  |                         
--+  +----- Gonideinae      
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 1 0 0 168 
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 165 
  +----------------------------- Gonideinae  
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia   
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini   
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema  
           |  |                              
           |  |  +-------------- Eurynia     
           +--+  |                           
              |  |        +----- Cyrtonaias  
              |  +--------+                  
              +--+        |  +-- Unionini **    
                 |        +--+               
                 |           +-- Anodontini **  
                 |                           
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana 
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-------- Glebula     
                    +--+                     
                       |  +----- Potamilus   
                       +--+                  
                          |  +-- Ligumia     
                          +--+               
                             +-- Toxolasma

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 15 2 2 15 12 2 176 
  +-------- Gonideinae         
  |                            
  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |     |                      
  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |     |                      
--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Unionini **           
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Utterbackia **        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     +--+                      
        +-- Megalonaias        
        |                      
        +-- Obliquaria         
        |                      
        +-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 5 2 164 
  +-------- Anodontini **
--+                   
  |  +----- Lampsilini
  +--+                
     |  +-- Quadrulini
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 0 0 164 
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 6 4 2 164 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 20 20 2 164 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Acuticostini **
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 32 20 3 164 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
  |           +-- Pseudodontini
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini 
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Anodontini **   
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 6 6 2 167 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 10 9 3 168 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                              
--+  +----------- Ambleminae     
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Gonideinae     
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Anodontini **     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 3 2 12 6 3 169 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotulina **        
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini **             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 1 1 164 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 1 1 166 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 32 20 3 164 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Pseudodontini
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontini **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 5 2 164 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 5 5 2 164 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 6 5 2 164 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 0 2 11 5 3 171 
  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 14 8 2 164 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 2 11 5 3 166 
  +----- Pleurobemini   
  |                     
  +----- Lampsilini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontini **     
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio_pictorum **  
     |                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 27 1 1 165 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 27 1 1 165 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 17 13 3 165 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Parreysiinae
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 37 27 3 165 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
  |                     
--+     +-- Unionini **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideinae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 165.5 
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 165.5 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 165 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 44 42 1 167 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 43 41 1 167 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 9 9 2 165 
        +-- Gonideini      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                  
        +-- Anodontini **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 165.5 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 2 1 166.5 
  +-------- Lamprotulini
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideini   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Unionini **    
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 2 1 1 165 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 5 5 2 165 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 165 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 45 43 1 167 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 8 2 -- 
1

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 8 0 1 6 6 2 172 
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lampsilis    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideinae   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Venustaconcha
           +--+                
              +-- Quadrulini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 41 3 -- 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Parreysiinae   
  |        |                        
--+  +-----+     +-- Anodontini **     
  |  |     |  +--+                  
  |  |     |  |  +-- Unionini **       
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Discomya       
     |                              
     |  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Schepmaniini   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Caudiculatus   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Potomida       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 1 1 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 27 25 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 26 24 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 10 1 1 167.5 
  +-- Unionini **  
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 8 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 24 22 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 4 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 2 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini
--+                   
  |  +----- Lampsilini
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
     +-- None__1   
  +--+             
  |  +-- None__2   
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 5 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 27 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Gonideinae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unionini **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Parreysiinae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 1 4 4 2 168 
  +----- Gonideinae   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  |  +-- Lampsilini   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **
     |                
     +-- Quadrulini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Lampsilini
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 2 15 4 2 169 
  +-------- Unionini **    
--+                     
  |  +----- Pleurobemini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Lampsilini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 1 1 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini  
--+                     
  |  +----- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 1 2 1 1 168 
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 4 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 1 1 1 1 167 
  +----- Sinanodonta **
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristaria **  
  +--+              
     +-- Gonideinae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 19 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 54 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 16 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Unio **

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 55 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +----- Lampsilini
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Quadrulini

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
  |             
--+-- Ambleminae
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 16 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +----- Quadrulini
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Lampsilini

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 41 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 37 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
        +-- Quadrulini  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Anodontini **  
--+                     
  |  +----- Lampsilini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Amblemini   
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Pleurobemini
  |               
--+-- Lampsilini  
  |               
  +-- Unionini **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 40 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **