Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae

subfamily UNIONINAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 tribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 227 (278 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 5
analyzed in 414 cladograms in 230 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 157 (mean = 12.06, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 2.07, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 367
maximum number of included terminals = 157, (mean = 13.48 median = 8)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 2.2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.92

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 175
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 157 (mean = 18.2, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) = 5 (mean = 3.19, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.87

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unioninae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unioninae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
157 158 168 5 474 410 3 0 
                                +----- Amuranodonta **                
  +-----------------------------+                                  
  |                             |  +-- Anemina **                     
  |                             +--+                               
  |                                +-- Buldowskia **                  
  |                                                                
  |                                +-- Beringiana **                  
  |                          +-----+                               
  |                          |     +-- Pletholophus **                
--+  +-----------------------+                                     
  |  |                       |  +----- Mimo **                        
  |  |                       +--+                                  
  |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta **                    
  |  |                          +--+                               
  |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta **                 
  |  |                                                             
  |  |  +----------------------------- Cristaria **                   
  +--+  |                                                          
     |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini **               
     |  |           |                                              
     |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini **               
     |  |           |  +--+                                        
     |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2 **
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                     
     |  |  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2 **     
     +--+  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1 **     
        |  |           |        +--+                               
        |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1 **
        |  |           |                                           
        |  |           |  +----------- Globunio **                    
        |  |           +--+                                        
        |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **             
        |  |              +--+                                     
        +--+                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **          
           |                 +--+                                  
           |                    |  +-- Unionina **                    
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +-- Oxynaiina **                   
           |                                                       
           |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus **            
           |  +--------------+                                     
           |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona **                   
           |  |              +--+                                  
           |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna **                   
           |  |                 +--+                               
           +--+                    +-- Arcidens **                    
              |                                                    
              |  +-------------------- Anodontina **                  
              |  |                                                 
              |  |     +-------------- Utterbackia **                 
              |  |  +--+                                           
              +--+  |  |  +----------- Pyganodon_grandis **           
                 |  |  +--+                                        
                 |  |     |  +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris **         
                 |  |     +--+                                     
                 |  |        |  +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2 **      
                 +--+        +--+                                  
                    |           |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1 **      
                    |           +--+                               
                    |              +-- Ambleminae                  
                    |                                              
                    |  +-------------- Utterbackiana **               
                    |  |                                           
                    +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias **                 
                       |  |                                        
                       |  |        +-- Alasminota **                  
                       +--+  +-----+                               
                          |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **                 
                          |  |                                     
                          +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **               
                             |  +--+                               
                             |  |  +-- Platynaias **                  
                             +--+                                  
                                |  +-- Anodontoides **                
                                +--+                               
                                   +-- Strophitus **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
72 72 70 4 4 2 1 155 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71 71 59 5 51 40 3 147 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                 
  |           +----- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                     
--+           +----- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +----- Unionini **       
  |  |        |                     
  |  |        |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Anodontini **     
     |                              
     |  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
69 69 67 5 72 45 3 160 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
65 65 64 5 30 28 1 158 
  +-------------- Gonideinae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Anodontini **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
63 63 61 4 2 0 0 154 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
52 52 50 4 2 0 0 160 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
51 51 49 2 2 2 1 161 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 37 5 153 114 3 154 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |           +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                        
--+  +--------+  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |        |  |                     
  |  |        +--+----- Unionini **       
  |  |           |                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Gonideini      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Pseudodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 42 5 49 38 3 162 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 24 5 153 114 3 156 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae         
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Chamberlainia        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Megalonaias          
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Uniomerus            
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Quadrulina           
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Lamprotulini         
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Gonideini            
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini        
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Rectidentini         
--+  |                                 
  |  |  +-------- Amblema              
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +-------- Toxolasma            
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +-------- Pleurobemini         
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  |     +-- Obliquaria           
  |  |  +-----+                        
  |  |  |     +-- Plectomerus          
  |  +--+                              
  |  |  |  +----- Ellipsaria           
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon   
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Medionidus           
  |  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  +----- Potamilus_alatus     
  |  |  |  |                           
  +--+  |  +----- Ptychobranchus       
     |  +--+                           
     |     +----- Truncilla            
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Venustaconcha        
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Cambarunio           
     |     |                           
     |     +----- Leaunio              
     |     |                           
     |     |  +-- Ortmanniana          
     |     +--+                        
     |        +-- Lampsilis            
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Acuticostini **         
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anemina **              
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Cristaria **            
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Brachyanodon **         
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Lasmigona **            
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **        
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
     |  |                              
     |  +-------- Pyganodon **            
     |  |                              
     +--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
        |                              
        +-------- Strophitus **           
        |                              
        +-------- Utterbackia **          
        |                              
        +-------- Lanceolariini **        
        |                              
        +-------- Schistodesmus **        
        |                              
        +-------- Unionina **             
        |                              
        +-------- Aculamprotulina **      
        |                              
        |     +-- Pletholophus **         
        +-----+                        
        |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
        |                              
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
        |  |                           
        |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
        |  |                           
        +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
           |                           
           +----- Nodularia **            
           |                           
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
           +--+                        
              +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 44 5 45 39 3 160 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 45 5 49 38 3 161 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
47 47 44 5 45 39 3 160 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Anodontini **   
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Lanceolariini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
46 46 43 5 152 113 3 159 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +-------- Chamberlainiini
     +--+  +-----+                        
        |  |     |  +----- Ambleminae     
        |  |     +--+                     
        |  |        |  +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+        +--+                  
           |           +-- Gonideini      
           |                              
           |  +----------- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Unionini **       
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44 44 42 5 42 33 2 154 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
43 43 41 5 45 36 2 155 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 154 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
39 39 37 5 0 0 0 157 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 34 5 38 29 2 156 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 37 1 0 0 0 162 
1

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 36 30 5 9 7 3 166 
                    +-- Gonideinae            
  +-----------------+                         
  |                 +-- Ambleminae            
  |                                           
--+  +----------------- Parreysiinae          
  |  |                                        
  |  |              +-- Anemina **               
  +--+  +-----------+                         
     |  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
     |  |                                     
     |  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
     +--+  +-----+                            
        |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
        |  |     +--+                         
        |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
        +--+                                  
           |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
           |  +-----+                         
           |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
              |  |                            
              |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha **
              |  |                            
              +--+----- Cristaria **             
                 |                            
                 |  +-- Acuticostini **          
                 |  |                         
                 +--+-- Lepidodesmini **         
                    |                         
                    +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
36 39 32 5 9 7 3 162 
  +----------------------- Gonideinae   
  |                                     
--+  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
  |  |                                  
  |  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+  |                               
     |  |              +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Amuranodonta ** 
     +--+                               
        |           +----- Pletholophus ** 
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
        |  |        +--+                
        |  |           +-- Beringiana **   
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+--------+                
              |        +-- Anodontina **   
              |                         
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 37 4 33 10 3 148 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                       
  |              +-------- Chamberlainiini
  |  +-----------+                        
--+  |           |  +----- Ambleminae     
  |  |           +--+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Gonideini      
     |                                    
     |                 +-- Anemina **        
     |  +--------------+                  
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **     
     |  |                                 
     +--+           +----- Sinanodonta **    
        |  +--------+                     
        |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus **   
        |  |        +--+                  
        +--+           +-- Beringiana **     
           |                              
           |  +----------- Cristaria **      
           |  |                           
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **     
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 36 4 33 10 3 150 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                                     
  |                    +-- Ambleminae   
--+  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Gonideinae   
  |  |                                  
  +--+                 +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
     |  |                               
     +--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
        |  |        +--+                
        +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
           |                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
              |  +-----+                
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lanceolariini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 37 4 33 10 3 146 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                                     
  |                    +-- Ambleminae   
--+  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Gonideinae   
  |  |                                  
  +--+                 +-- Anemina **      
     |  +--------------+                
     |  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
     |  |                               
     +--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
        |  +--------+                   
        |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
        |  |        +--+                
        +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
           |                            
           |  +----------- Cristaria **    
           |  |                         
           +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
              |  +-----+                
              |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Lanceolariini **
                    +--+                
                       +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
35 35 33 2 0 0 0 163 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 5 40 29 2 162 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 2 0 0 0 158 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34 34 32 5 40 29 2 162 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 28 5 20 18 2 158 
  +----------------- Quadrulini     
  |                                 
  +----------------- Pleurobemini   
  |                                 
  |              +-- Amblemini      
--+--------------+                  
  |              +-- Lampsilini     
  |                                 
  |              +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  +-----------+                  
  |  |           +-- Gonideini      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Chamberlainiini
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Lepidodesmini **  
        |  |                        
        +--+-------- Unionini **       
           |                        
           |  +----- Anodontini **     
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Acuticostini **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 38 5 14 12 1 163 
  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
     |  |                         
     +--+  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 5 36 25 2 163 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 5 23 22 3 157 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+           +-- Ambleminae   
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 9 7 3 170 
                          +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----------------------+                
  |                       +-- Gonideinae   
--+                                        
  |  +----------------------- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Unionini **     
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +----------------- Acuticostini ** 
        |  |                               
        |  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+  +-----------+                
           |  |           +-- Anodontina **   
           |  |                            
           |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini **
           +--+  +-----+                   
              |  |     |  +-- Cristaria **    
              |  |     +--+                
              |  |        +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                         
                 |        +-- Anemina **      
                 |  +-----+                
                 |  |     +-- Amuranodonta ** 
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Pletholophus ** 
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
                       +--+                
                          +-- Beringiana **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 30 5 9 7 3 172 
                    +-- Gonideinae     
  +-----------------+                  
  |                 +-- Ambleminae     
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Globunionina **   
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Unionina **       
        |  |     +--+                  
        +--+        +-- Oxynaiina **      
           |                           
           |  +-------- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lepidodesmini **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 24 5 9 7 3 166 
                 +-- Gonideinae            
  +--------------+                         
  |              +-- Ambleminae            
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Parreysiinae          
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Anemina **               
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
     |  |                                  
     |  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
     +--+  +--+                            
        |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
        |  |  +--+                         
        |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
           |  |                            
           |  +----- Acuticostini **          
           |  |                            
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini **         
           |  |                            
           +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha **
              |                            
              +----- Cristaria **             
              |                            
              +----- Unionini **              
              |                            
              |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
              +--+                         
                 +-- Anodontina **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32 32 28 5 9 7 3 172 
              +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Parreysiinae 
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
     |  |                      
     +--+  +----- Lepidodesmini **
        |  |                   
        +--+----- Unionini **     
           |                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31 31 29 5 14 12 1 167 
                       +-- Lamprotulini   
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Gonideini      
--+                                       
  |  +-------------------- Chamberlainiini
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +----------------- Anemina **        
     |  |                                 
     +--+  +-------------- Acuticostini **   
        |  |                              
        +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **    
           |  |                           
           +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
              |  |                        
              +--+     +-- Cristaria **      
                 |  +--+                  
                 |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 29 1 4 2 1 155 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29 29 26 2 2 0 0 155 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 19 2 3 3 2 164 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 160 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 5 25 23 2 164 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 2 0 0 0 158 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 160 
1

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 5 26 23 2 164 
              +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Gonideinae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 25 2 3 3 2 170 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 5 14 14 2 168 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 25 3 52 41 3 169 
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                          
  |                    +----- Unionini **       
--+  +-----------------+                     
  |  |                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                 +--+                  
  +--+                    +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                       
     |  +-------------------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Ambleminae     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 5 22 14 2 164 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 2 3 97 97 3 171 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae          
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Pseudodontini         
  |  |                                     
--+  |  +----------- Rectidentini          
  |  |  |                                  
  |  |  |     +----- Ambleminae            
  |  |  |     |                            
  |  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainia         
  +--+  |     |  |                         
     |  |     |  +-- Sinohyriopsis         
     |  |     |  |                         
     |  |     |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata    
     |  |  +--+  |                         
     |  |  |  |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii      
     |  |  |  |  |                         
     +--+  |  |  +-- Potomida              
        |  |  |  |                         
        |  |  |  +-- Pronodularia          
        |  |  |  |                         
        |  |  +--+-- Gonidea               
        |  |     |                         
        |  |     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi  
        |  |     |                         
        |  |     +-- Leguminaia            
        |  |     |                         
        |  |     +-- Microcondylaea        
        |  |     |                         
        +--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
           |     |                         
           |     +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
           |     |                         
           |     +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita
           |                               
           |  +----- Unionini **              
           |  |                            
           |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **           
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **      
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **       
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Brachyanodon **          
           +--+  |                         
              |  +-- Lasmigona **             
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **         
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Simpsonaias **           
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Strophitus **            
              +--+                         
                 +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **     
                 |                         
                 +-- Cristaria_plicata **     
                 |                         
                 +-- Cristaria_radiata **     
                 |                         
                 +-- Pletholophus **          
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **    
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **   
                 |                         
                 +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
                 |                         
                 +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1 ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2 **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 1 1 1 159 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 24 1 4 2 1 154 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 4 2 1 155 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Anodontini **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 174 
1

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 18 3 111 86 3 165 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                     
  |     +-------------- Rectidentini    
  |  +--+                               
--+  |  |  +----------- Ambleminae      
  |  |  +--+                            
  |  |     |  +-------- Pseudodontini   
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Gonideini       
  +--+        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Chamberlainiini 
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lamprotulini    
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Unionini **        
     |     |                            
     +-----+  +-------- Lanceolariini **   
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              |  |                      
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
              +--+                      
                 +----- Alasmidontina **   
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27 27 25 3 111 86 3 168 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini  
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Unionini **       
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
        |  |     +--+                  
        +--+        +-- Anodontini **     
           |                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 50 40 2 169 
  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Gonideini      
     |  |                              
     +--+           +-- Chamberlainiini
        |  +--------+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Unionini **       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 30 20 2 166 
              +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----------+                
  |           +-- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 3 50 40 2 171 
  +-------------------- Pseudodontini  
  |                                    
--+  +----------------- Rectidentini   
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------------- Gonideini      
     |  |                              
     +--+           +-- Chamberlainiini
        |  +--------+                  
        |  |        +-- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Unionini **       
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 65 48 3 168 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |           +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |           |                        
--+  +--------+     +-- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |        |  +--+                  
  |  |        |  |  +-- Unionini **       
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 65 48 3 170 
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                                    
  |        +----------- Acuticostini **   
  |  +-----+                           
--+  |     |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |     +--+                        
  |  |        |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
     |           +--+                  
     |              +-- Anodontini **     
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Rectidentini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Ambleminae     
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Lamprotulini   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Pseudodontini  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Gonideini

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 20 14 2 165 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 5 14 11 2 160 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 4 0 0 0 159 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 22 19 2 164 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 15 4 2 2 1 163 
  +----------- Gonideinae            
  |                                  
--+  +-------- Acuticostini **          
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii **    
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
     +--+                            
        +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata **
        |                            
        |  +-- Anodontini **            
        +--+                         
           +-- Unionini **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 2 2 1 168 
  +-------------- Gonideinae            
  |                                     
--+  +----------- Acuticostini **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii **    
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontini **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 22 19 2 164 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 163 
  +----- Unionini **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 173 
  +----- Unionini **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 5 5 12 8 1 178 
  +-------- Gonideinae             
  |                                
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1 **  
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2 **  
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **   
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **   
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **      
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
--+  |                             
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |  |                             
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **  
  +--+                             
     +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **  
     |                             
     +----- Pletholophus **           
     |                             
     +----- Anemina **                
     |                             
     +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata ** 
     |                             
     +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **   
     |                             
     +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola **   
     |                             
     +----- Sinanodonta_angula **     
     |                             
     +----- Lepidodesmini **          
     |                             
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **        
     +--+                          
     |  +-- Acuticostini **           
     |                             
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **              
     +--+                          
     |  +-- Nodularia **              
     |                             
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **          
     +--+                          
        +-- Inversiunio **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 4 26 23 2 162 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 4 17 14 2 163.5 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Unionini **     
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 22 5 12 8 1 176 
  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Anodontini **   
  |  |                            
  |  |           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  +--+  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Nodularia **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Inversiunio **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 4 2 2 1 167 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 0 1 85 84 2 171 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 28 22 2 163 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 6 6 1 167 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 3 17 13 2 163 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 10 2 0 0 0 172 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon **                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota **                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionini **                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias **                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 24 14 2 160 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 13 11 2 162 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 166 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 12 11 2 170 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 0 0 0 164 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 4 35 33 3 171 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Unionini **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 2 5 3 1 166 
  +-------- Gonideinae     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 14 11 2 162 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 16 3 65 65 3 170 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae  
  |                                
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini 
  |  |                             
  |  |  +----------- Rectidentini  
  +--+  |                          
     |  |     +----- Unionini **      
     |  |  +--+                    
     |  |  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini ** 
     +--+  |  +--+                 
        |  |     +-- Anodontini **    
        |  |                       
        |  |     +-- Lamprotula    
        |  |     |                 
        |  |     +-- Potomida      
        +--+     |                 
           |     +-- Pronodularia  
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Gonidea       
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Leguminaia    
           |     |                 
           |     +-- Microcondylaea
           |     |                 
           +-----+-- Amblemini     
                 |                 
                 +-- Ortmanniana   
                 |                 
                 +-- Lampsilis     
                 |                 
                 +-- Cambarunio    
                 |                 
                 +-- Elliptio      
                 |                 
                 +-- Pleurobema    
                 |                 
                 +-- Quadrulini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 14 5 5 3 1 175 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini ** 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 13 2 1 0 0 161 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 4 14 14 2 163 
           +-- Ambleminae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 18 16 4 1 1 1 162 
           +-- Gonideinae     
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini **  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Acuticostini **   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 2 0 0 167 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 11 5 5 3 1 174 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
  |  +----------- Acuticostini **      
--+  |                              
  |  +----------- Cristariina **       
  |  |                              
  +--+----------- Anodontina **        
     |                              
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini **     
     |  |                           
     |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+-----+                     
        |     +-- Lepidodesmini **     
        |                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 22 20 3 169 
                 +-- Ambleminae     
  +--------------+                  
  |              +-- Gonideinae     
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Anodontini **     
     |  |                           
     |  |        +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Lanceolariini **  
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini **  
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Unionina **       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 2 0 0 0 161 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 0 0 0 165 
        +-- Unionina **       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 3 14 14 2 161 
        +-- Ambleminae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 5 36 34 2 172 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodontini **   
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Lanceolariini **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 15 2 23 18 1 162 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 173 
1

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 21 4 15 15 2 180 
     +-------- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                        
  |  |  +----- Lamprotulini   
  |  +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Gonideini      
--+     +--+                  
  |        +-- Ambleminae     
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Aculamprotulina **
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Acuticostini **   
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Anodontini **     
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 5 21 19 3 172 
  +-------------------- Ambleminae   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unionini **     
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Lanceolariini **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodontini **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 4 15 15 2 173 
           +-- Gonideinae   
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini **     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 175 
1

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 34 32 3 19 18 2 196 
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina **               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina **         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosulinae            
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 173 
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 173 
1

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 13 1 6 5 2 162 
  +-------- Amblemini   
  |                     
  +-------- Pleurobemini
--+                     
  +-------- Lampsilini  
  |                     
  |  +----- Quadrulini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 2 3 2 2 166 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 5 20 18 2 179 
     +----------- Sinosolenaia   
  +--+                           
  |  |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
  |  +--+                        
  |     |  +----- Chamberlainiini
  |     +--+                     
  |        |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
--+        +--+                  
  |           +-- Ambleminae     
  |                              
  |  +----------- Anodontini **     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +----- Acuticostini **   
  +--+  +--+                     
     |  |  |  +-- Nodularia **      
     |  |  +--+                  
     +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia **   
        |                        
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Lepidodesmini **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 15 12 4 1 1 1 168 
        +-- Lanceolariini **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 5 5 20 18 2 176 
           +-- Ptychorhynchus 
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini
           |                  
  +--------+-- Lamprotulini   
  |        |                  
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia   
  |        |                  
  |        +-- Ambleminae     
  |                           
  |  +-------- Strophitus **     
--+  |                        
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Lepidodesmini **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Acuticostini **   
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Cristariina **    
  +--+                        
     +-------- Lanceolariini **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Nodularia **      
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |                        
     |  +----- Utterbackia **    
     |  |                     
     +--+----- Utterbackiana **  
        |                     
        |  +-- Alasmidonta **    
        +--+                  
           +-- Lasmigona **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 160 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 1 1 1 171 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae      
  |                                 
--+  +----------- Unionina **          
  |  |                              
  +--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Oxynaiina **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Anodontini **        
           +--+                     
              +-- Lepidodesmini **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 14 3 8 4 1 169 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 12 1 1 0 0 163 
1

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 9 9 2 167 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 2 2 1 165 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 28 8 2 161 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 15 11 1 171 
1

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 28 8 2 165 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
  |                              
--+  +----------- Gonideinae     
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 19 17 4 8 5 1 177 
  +----------------- Anodontini **             
  |                                         
  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini        
  |  +--+                                   
--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii       
  |  |  +--+                                
  |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata     
  |  |     +--+                             
  |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
  +--+        +--+                          
     |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae
     |                                      
     |        +----- Aculamprotulina **        
     |     +--+                             
     |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
     |     |  +--+                          
     +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
           |                                
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
              +--+                          
                 +-- Acuticostini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 174 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 1 2 0 0 164 
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 1 1 1 166 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 2 2 1 172 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 8 2 5 2 1 168 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 1 0 0 167 
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 174 
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 167.5 
1

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 9 9 2 166 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 1 26 21 2 164 
  +-------------- Quadrulina     
  |                              
  |        +----- Lamprotulini   
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Anodontini **     
     |                           
     |  +-------- Megalonaias    
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Pleurobemini   
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Amblemini      
           +--+                  
              +-- Lampsilini

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 2 0 0 0 165 
  +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                
  +-- Unionini **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 20 18 3 167 
  +----------- Parreysiinae
  |                        
--+        +-- Ambleminae  
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Anodontini **  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Acuticostini **
        +--+               
           +-- Unionini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 2 8 6 1 169 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 4 4 2 169 
        +-- Gonideinae   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Ambleminae   
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 4 7 5 2 174 
  +----------------- Ambleminae   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Globunionina ** 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Acuticostini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 2 0 0 164 
  +-- Unionini **     
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 15 9 2 166 
     +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 2 1 0 0 165 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 13 10 2 166 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 5 3 2 167 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 2 2 1 168 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 15 9 2 168 
  +----------- Ambleminae     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Gonideinae     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Unionina **       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 0 0 0 166 
  +----- Lanceolariini **
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontini **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 9 1 6 3 1 166 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 12 7 2 166 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 7 3 10 8 2 165 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 5 1 23 21 1 172.5 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 12 7 2 166 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 4 4 4 1 170 
  +-------------- Gonideinae          
  |                                   
--+  +----------- Anodontini **          
  |  |                                
  +--+  +-------- Oxynaiina **           
     |  |                             
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii **  
        |  |                          
        +--+----- Acuticostini **        
           |                          
           |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola **
           +--+                       
              +-- Aculamprotulina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 29 29 1 174 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 165 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 5 3 2 165 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 5 2 0 0 0 169 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini **

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 18 11 3 9 8 2 178 
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Velesunioninae 
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 11 10 2 167 
  +----- Anodontini **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lepidodesmini **
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 2 16 16 3 173 
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                                 
  |                 +-------------- Oxynaiina **       
  |                 |                               
  |  +--------------+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+  |              |  |                            
  |  |              +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
  |  |                 |  |                         
  |  |                 +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
  |  |                    |  +--+                   
  |  |                    |  |  +-- Unio_caffer **     
  +--+                    +--+                      
     |                       |  +-- Anodonta **        
     |                       +--+                   
     |                          +-- Alasmidontina **   
     |                                              
     |  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini    
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini      
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini       
           |  |                                     
           |  |              +----- Eurynia         
           +--+  +-----------+                      
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio      
              |  |           +--+                   
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus  
              +--+                                  
                 |              +-- Amblemini       
                 |  +-----------+                   
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema      
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----------- Truncilla       
                    |  |                            
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis       
                       |  +-----+                   
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma      
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Ligumia         
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Obliquaria      
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Ortmanniana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 2 0 0 167 
1

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 2 2 2 169 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 5 5 1 170 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 2 3 2 2 169 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 8 3 4 4 1 175 
  +----------- Gonideinae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Nodularia **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Inversiunio **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 18 16 3 10 10 2 175 
  +-------------- Sinanodonta **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Cristaria **      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Gonideinae     
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Acuticostini **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 49 42 3 168 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
  |                         
--+----------- Gonideinae   
  |                         
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 0 0 0 165 
  +-- Unionini **   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 168 
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 25 19 2 22 17 1 189 
  +----- Unionini **  
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 7 1 2 0 0 171 
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 1 1 1 166 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 0 0 0 170 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 25 23 2 22 17 1 189 
  +----- Unionini **  
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 2 0 0 164 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 0 0 0 167 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 9 7 2 166 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 164 
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 2 3 2 2 171 
  +----------------- Ambleminae       
  |                                   
--+  +-------------- Gonideinae       
  |  |                                
  +--+  +----------- Oxynaiina **        
     |  |                             
     |  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
     +--+        |                    
        |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
        |  |     |                    
        |  |     +-- Anodontini **       
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
           |  |                       
           |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
           +--+                       
              +----- Unio_mancus **      
              |                       
              |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
              +--+                    
                 +-- Unio_crassus **

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 165 
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 49 42 3 170 
  +-------------- Ambleminae   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Parreysiinae 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lanceolariini **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Unionini **     
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini **

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 16 15 2 167 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 3 2 2 168 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 2 2 1 169 
  +-------- Gonideini   
--+                     
  |  +----- Lamprotulini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 2 1 1 1 1 172 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 3 1 169 
  +-- Parreysiinae
--+               
  +-- Unionini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 12 11 2 167 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 9 7 2 171 
  +-------------- Ambleminae     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Gonideinae     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Anodontini **     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini **  
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 4 2 1 0 0 171 
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferinae
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 2 0 0 0 168 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini **   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 9 8 2 169 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 2 0 0 165 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 12 10 2 7 5 2 179 
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+        +-- Gonideinae 
  |  +-----+              
  |  |     +-- Ambleminae 
  +--+                    
     |  +----- Unionini **   
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Pyganodon **  
        +--+              
           +-- Cristariina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 3 2 1 167 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 12 11 2 167 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 169 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 7 7 2 166 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 166 
1

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 1 0 0 166 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 170 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 7 7 2 166 
     +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
  |  +-- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 4 2 1 0 0 167 
  +-- Margaritiferinae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 40 18 3 168 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 16 14 3 10 10 2 175 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lanceolariini **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 40 18 3 168 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 22 18 1 175.5 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 168 
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 168 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 2 1 29 29 1 168 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 9 7 3 4 3 1 169 
  +-------- Anodontini **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Gonideinae   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 18 1 2 16 12 2 183.5 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina **    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 7 2 2 1 0 0 169 
  +-- Margaritiferinae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 3 2 1 167 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 96 94 2 172 
  +-------- Chamberlainiini
  |                        
--+-------- Anodontini **     
  |                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 171 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 1 2 0 0 171 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 170 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 166 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 41 19 3 168 
           +-- Unionini **     
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Anodontini **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Rectidentini 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Ambleminae   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudodontini

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 3 1 96 94 2 169 
        +-- Chamberlainiini
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini **     
--+                        
  |  +----- Ambleminae     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Gonideini      
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamprotulini

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 21 18 1 175 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 41 19 3 168 
  +-------- Pseudodontini
  |                      
  |  +----- Parreysiinae 
--+  |                   
  |  +----- Rectidentini 
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Unionini **     
     +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     |                   
     |  +-- Gonideini    
     +--+                
        +-- Ambleminae

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 1 0 0 172 
1

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 169 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 29 6 3 169 
     +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unionini **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 6 4 2 167 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 169 
  +----------------------------- Gonideinae  
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia   
     |  |                                    
     |  +----------------------- Amblemini   
     +--+                                    
        |  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema  
           |  |                              
           |  |  +-------------- Eurynia     
           +--+  |                           
              |  |        +----- Cyrtonaias  
              |  +--------+                  
              +--+        |  +-- Unionini **    
                 |        +--+               
                 |           +-- Anodontini **  
                 |                           
                 |  +----------- Ortmanniana 
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-------- Glebula     
                    +--+                     
                       |  +----- Potamilus   
                       +--+                  
                          |  +-- Ligumia     
                          +--+               
                             +-- Toxolasma

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 15 10 2 26 13 3 179 
  +-------------------- Amblemini              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae           
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Eurynia                
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Fusconaia              
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Gonideinae             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Pleurobema             
  |                                            
  +-------------------- Quadrulini             
--+                                            
  |        +----------- Ortmanniana            
  +--------+                                   
  |        |  +-------- Glebula                
  |        +--+                                
  |           |  +----- Potamilus              
  |           +--+                             
  |              |  +-- Ligumia                
  |              +--+                          
  |                 +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Cyrtonaias             
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +-------------- Unionini **               
     |  |                                      
     |  |  +----------- Anodontini **             
     +--+  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Iridininae             
        |  |     |                             
        +--+  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
           |  |  |  |                          
           |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
           |  |     |                          
           +--+     +-- Monocondylaeinae       
              |                                
              |  +----- Rhipidodontini         
              |  |                             
              |  +----- Echyridella            
              +--+                             
                 +----- Lortiella              
                 |                             
                 |  +-- Castaliini             
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Velesunio

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 167 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 9 6 2 169 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 169 
  +----------- Ambleminae   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonideinae   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 1 0 0 171 
  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini **

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 2 2 1 167 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 18 1 2 17 13 2 184 
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 2 0 0 169 
1

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 2 2 26 13 3 168 
  +-------- Gonideinae   
  |                      
--+  +----- Ambleminae   
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Unio_pictorum **
     |  |                
     +--+-- Unio_tumidus ** 
        |                
        +-- Anodontini **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 1 0 0 169 
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 173 
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 2 2 1 167 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 11 8 2 169 
  +-------- Anodontini **  
  |                     
--+     +-- Pleurobemini
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Quadrulini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 4 4 1 169 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 173 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 29 6 3 169 
     +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae  
  +--+               
     +-- Unionini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 167 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 169 
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 26 13 3 167 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
  |                     
--+     +-- Unionini **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae  
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 169 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 6 4 2 167 
     +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
  |  +-- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 19 12 2 29 13 3 185 
  +-------- Anodontini **      
  |                         
--+  +----- Gonideinae      
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 15 2 2 15 12 2 180 
  +-------- Gonideinae         
  |                            
  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |     |                      
  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |     |                      
--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Unionini **           
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Utterbackia **        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     +--+                      
        +-- Megalonaias        
        |                      
        +-- Obliquaria         
        |                      
        +-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 6 4 2 168 
  +-------- Gonideinae
--+                   
  |  +----- Ambleminae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Unionini **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 10 9 3 172 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae   
  |                              
--+  +----------- Ambleminae     
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Gonideinae     
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Anodontini **     
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 172 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 5 3 2 12 6 3 173 
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotulina **        
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini **             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 20 20 2 168 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Acuticostini **
     +--+               
        +-- Unionini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 6 6 2 171 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 1 1 172 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 5 2 168 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 14 8 2 168 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
  |                         
--+  +-------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Unionini **     
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Gonideini    
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 32 20 3 168 
  +----------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Rectidentini 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Pseudodontini
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontini **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Unionini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 1 1 168 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 8 5 2 168 
  +-------- Anodontini **
--+                   
  |  +----- Lampsilini
  +--+                
     |  +-- Quadrulini
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 2 0 0 168 
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 5 5 2 168 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 32 20 3 168 
  +-------------- Parreysiinae 
  |                            
  |           +-- Pseudodontini
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini 
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Anodontini **   
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Unionini **     
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 0 2 11 5 3 170 
  +----- Pleurobemini   
  |                     
  +----- Lampsilini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontini **     
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio_pictorum **  
     |                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 9 0 2 11 5 3 175 
  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 170 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 6 5 2 168 
  +-------- Ambleminae
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Unionini **  
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 168 
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 3 2 1 170.5 
  +-------- Lamprotulini
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideini   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Unionini **    
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 169 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 45 43 1 171 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 171.5 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 169 
  +-- Ambleminae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 43 41 1 171 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 2 1 1 169 
  +-- Gonideinae
--+             
  +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 169 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 17 13 3 169 
  +-------- Ambleminae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Gonideinae  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Parreysiinae
     +--+               
        +-- Anodontini **

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 171.5 
  +----------- Pseudodontini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Gonidea      
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Inversidens  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontini **   
        +--+                
           +-- Ambleminae

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 169 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 169 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 169 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 169 
1

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 9 9 2 169 
        +-- Gonideini      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae     
     +--+                  
        +-- Anodontini **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 37 27 3 169 
  +-------- Parreysiinae
  |                     
--+     +-- Unionini **    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Gonideinae

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 44 42 1 171 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 5 5 2 169 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 27 1 1 169 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 27 1 1 169 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 171 
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 12 9 2 171.5 
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 2 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini
--+                   
  |  +----- Gonideinae
  +--+                
     |  +-- Lampsilini
     +--+             
        +-- Anodontini **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 2 10 1 1 171.5 
  +-- Unionini **  
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 4 1 1 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 24 22 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 4 2 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini
--+                   
  |  +----- Lampsilini
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontini **
     +--+             
        +-- Gonideinae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 8 2 -- 
1

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
     +-- None__1   
  +--+             
  |  +-- None__2   
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 10 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 27 25 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 5 5 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 8 0 1 6 6 2 175 
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lampsilis    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideinae   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Venustaconcha
           +--+                
              +-- Quadrulini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 9 1 1 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +-------- Quadrulini  
--+                     
  |  +----- Anodontini **  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini  
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 7 6 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 27 4 3 -- 
  +-------- Gonideinae  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unionini **    
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Ambleminae  
     +--+               
        +-- Parreysiinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 26 24 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 1 1 1 1 171 
  +----- Sinanodonta **
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristaria **  
  +--+              
     +-- Gonideinae

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 1 2 1 1 172 
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferinae
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 4 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 4 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 12 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 43 41 3 -- 
  +----------------- Ambleminae     
  |                                 
  |        +-------- Parreysiinae   
  |        |                        
--+  +-----+     +-- Anodontini **     
  |  |     |  +--+                  
  |  |     |  |  +-- Unionini **       
  |  |     +--+                     
  |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainiini
  +--+        +--+                  
     |           +-- Discomya       
     |                              
     |  +----------- Rectidentini   
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Schepmaniini   
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Caudiculatus   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Potomida       
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 4 4 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 2 15 4 2 172 
  +-------- Unionini **    
--+                     
  |  +----- Pleurobemini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Lampsilini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 8 1 1 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Unionini **  
  +--+             
     +-- Anodontini **

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 4 0 1 4 4 2 172 
  +----- Gonideinae   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  |  +-- Lampsilini   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **
     |                
     +-- Quadrulini

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Unionini **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 12 8 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 -- 
1

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
  |             
--+-- Ambleminae
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 41 41 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 55 54 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Unio **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 56 55 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +----- Lampsilini
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Quadrulini

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 37 37 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
        +-- Quadrulini  
  +-----+               
  |     +-- Anodontini **  
--+                     
  |  +----- Lampsilini  
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Amblemini   
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 2 -- 
  +-- Ambleminae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 -- 
  +----- Quadrulini
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini **
  +--+             
     +-- Lampsilini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Pleurobemini
  |               
--+-- Lampsilini  
  |               
  +-- Unionini **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 16 2 -- 
  +----- Ambleminae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini **
  +--+                
     +-- Gonideinae

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 16 2 -- 
  +-- Gonideinae
  |             
--+-- Anodontini **
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionini **  
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 40 40 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 9 1 -- 
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae  
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 12 1 -- 
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Anodonta **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 19 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 2 2 -- 
  +----- Gonideinae
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 4 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 2 2 -- 
  +----- Unionini **    
--+                  
  |  +-- Parreysiinae
  +--+               
     +-- Ambleminae