Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe UNIONINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 subtribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 93 (115 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 5
analyzed in 280 cladograms in 157 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 66 (mean = 7.98, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 1.92, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 237
maximum number of included terminals = 66, (mean = 9.24 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 2.09, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.84

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 131
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 66 (mean = 12.53, median = 10)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 2.85, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unionini cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unionini cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.977 32 32 30 5 63 33 4 ** 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                    
  |           +----- Anodontini        
--+  +--------+                        
  |  |        |  +-- Acuticostini      
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           +-- Lanceolariini     
     |                                 
     |  +----------- Globunionina **      
     +--+                              
        |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Unionina **          
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
              +--+                     
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.895 21 21 16 5 23 14 4 33.0 
                                   +----- Pletholophus      
  +--------------------------------+                        
  |                                |  +-- Sinanodonta       
  |                                +--+                     
  |                                   +-- Beringiana        
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Cristaria         
  |  |                                                      
  |  |                                +-- Alasmidontina     
  |  +--------------------------------+                     
  +--+                                +-- Anodontina        
     |                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Lanceolariini     
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +----------------------------- Lepidodesmini     
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +-------------------------- Acuticostini      
           |  |                                             
           +--+  +----------------------- Globunionina **      
              |  |                                          
              +--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina **   
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaiina **
                    |  |                                    
                    +--+  +-------------- Nodularia **         
                       |  |                                 
                       +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
                          |  |                              
                          |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
                          +--+--------+                     
                             |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
                             |                              
                             |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Unionina **          
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Inversiunio **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.868 21 21 18 5 23 14 4 32.0 
                                   +-- Anemina               
  +--------------------------------+                         
  |                                +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                          
  |                             +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--------------------------+                            
  |  |                          |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                          +--+                         
  |  |                             +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                                       
     |                             +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +--------------------------+                         
     |  |                          +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                                                    
     +--+  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                                                 
        |  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                                                 
        +--+-------------------------- Cristaria             
           |                                                 
           |  +----------------------- Acuticostini          
           |  |                                              
           |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini         
           +--+                                              
              |  +-------------------- Globunionina **          
              |  |                                           
              +--+  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **       
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
                 +--+  +-----------+                         
                    |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
                    |  |                                     
                    +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
                       |  |                                  
                       |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
                       +--+--------+                         
                          |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                          |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                          +--+                               
                             |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                             +--+                            
                                |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Unionina **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 46 46 44 5 94 22 4 34.0 
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                    
  |           +----- Lanceolariini     
--+  +--------+                        
  |  |        |  +-- Acuticostini      
  |  |        +--+                     
  +--+           +-- Anodontini        
     |                                 
     |  +----------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                              
        |  +-------- Globunionina **      
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Oxynaiina **         
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unionina **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.818 66 74 77 5 567 90 4 70.0 
                                +----- Amuranodonta                
  +-----------------------------+                                  
  |                             |  +-- Anemina                     
  |                             +--+                               
  |                                +-- Buldowskia                  
  |                                                                
  |                                +-- Beringiana                  
  |                          +-----+                               
--+                          |     +-- Pletholophus                
  |  +-----------------------+                                     
  |  |                       |  +----- Mimo                        
  |  |                       +--+                                  
  |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta                    
  |  |                          +--+                               
  |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta                 
  |  |                                                             
  +--+  +----------------------------- Cristaria                   
     |  |                                                          
     |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini               
     |  |           |                                              
     |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
     |  |           |  +--+                                        
     |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2 **
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                     
     +--+  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2     
        |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1     
        |  |           |        +--+                               
        |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1 **
        |  |           |                                           
        |  |           |  +----------- Globunio **                    
        |  |           +--+                                        
        |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **             
        +--+              +--+                                     
           |                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **          
           |                 +--+                                  
           |                    |  +-- Unionina **                    
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +-- Oxynaiina **                   
           |                                                       
           |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus            
           |  +--------------+                                     
           |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona                   
           |  |              +--+                                  
           |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna                   
           +--+                 +--+                               
              |                    +-- Arcidens                    
              |                                                    
              |  +-------------------- Anodontina                  
              |  |                                                 
              +--+                 +-- Utterbackia                 
                 |  +--------------+                               
                 |  |              +-- Pyganodon                   
                 +--+                                              
                    |  +-------------- Utterbackiana               
                    |  |                                           
                    +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias                 
                       |  |                                        
                       |  |        +-- Alasminota                  
                       +--+  +-----+                               
                          |  |     +-- Alasmidonta                 
                          |  |                                     
                          +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta               
                             |  +--+                               
                             |  |  +-- Platynaias                  
                             +--+                                  
                                |  +-- Anodontoides                
                                +--+                               
                                   +-- Strophitus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.949 28 28 24 4 94 43 4 33.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                              
--+        +-- Lanceolariini     
  +--------+                     
  |        +-- Anodontini        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Unionina **          
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 12 12 10 4 44 21 4 28.0 
     +-------- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                           
  |  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
  |  +--+                        
  |     |  +-- Unionina **          
  |     +--+                     
--+        +-- Oxynaiina **         
  |                              
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini     
  |     +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Lanceolariini     
  +-----+                        
        |  +-- Acuticostini      
        +--+                     
           +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.861 18 18 15 4 23 14 4 36.0 
                          +-- Anemina               
  +-----------------------+                         
  |                       +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                 
  |                    +----- Pletholophus          
  |  +-----------------+                            
--+  |                 |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                 +--+                         
  |  |                    +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                                              
  |  |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Acuticostini          
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
     |  |                                           
     +--+-------------------- Cristaria             
        |                                           
        |                 +-- Alasmidontina         
        +-----------------+                         
        |                 +-- Anodontina            
        |                                           
        |  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **       
        |  |                                        
        |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
        +--+  +-----------+                         
           |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
              |  |                                  
              |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
              +--+--------+                         
                 |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                 |                                  
                 |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                       +--+                         
                          +-- Unionina **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.972 18 18 15 4 23 14 4 36.0 
  +----------------------- Acuticostini      
  |                                          
  |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini     
--+  |                                       
  |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini     
  |  +-----------------+                     
  +--+                 +-- Anodontini        
     |                                       
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **   
     |  |                                    
     |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+  +-----------+                     
        |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
           +--+--------+                     
              |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
              |                              
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Inversiunio **       
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Unionina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 12 14 10 4 10 5 4 36.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina **   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina **          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.958 12 12 9 4 10 5 4 33.0 
  +-------------------- Anodontina        
  |                                       
--+                 +-- Acuticostini      
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              +-- Cristariina       
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Lanceolariini     
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Unionina **          
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 27 27 25 4 60 15 4 21.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                              
  |        +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                           
     |  +-------- Globunionina **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.973 18 32 30 4 23 14 4 45.0 
              +----- Parreysiini    
  +-----------+                     
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini    
  |           +--+                  
  |              +-- Indochinellini 
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Globunionina **   
  |  |                              
  |  |        +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+  +-----+                     
     |  |     |  +-- Unionina **       
     |  |     +--+                  
     +--+        +-- Oxynaiina **      
        |                           
        |  +-------- Acuticostini   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lanceolariini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.946 18 18 16 4 23 14 4 31.0 
              +-------- Globunionina **   
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Unionina **       
  |              +--+                  
--+                 +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                                 
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina  
  +--+  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Anodontina     
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria      
        |  |     +--+                  
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini  
        +--+                           
           |        +-- Anemina        
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta   
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Pletholophus   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta    
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Beringiana

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.971 48 48 46 4 27 23 3 32.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                 
--+           +-- Lanceolariini     
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Anodontini        
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.974 32 32 30 4 32 30 3 6.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                 
--+           +-- Acuticostini      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Anodontini        
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.974 29 29 27 4 36 34 3 3.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                 
--+           +-- Lanceolariini     
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Anodontini        
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.941 11 13 11 4 3 2 2 36.0 
  +-------------- Indochinellini    
  |                                 
--+  +----------- Unionina **          
  |  |                              
  +--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     |  +-----+                     
     |  |     +-- Oxynaiina **         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Anodontini        
           +--+                     
              +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.931 14 14 12 3 39 19 4 25.0 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
--+  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  +--+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 3 29 15 4 27.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Unionina **       
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.912 21 21 17 3 180 27 4 27.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
--+  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.926 11 11 9 3 45 15 4 25.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Unionina **       
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.912 20 20 18 3 179 27 4 26.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lanceolariini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.765 21 48 25 3 180 27 4 59.0 
  +----------- Chamberlainia        
  |                                 
  +----------- Megalonaias          
  |                                 
  +----------- Uniomerus            
  |                                 
  +----------- Quadrulina           
  |                                 
  +----------- Sinohyriopsis        
  |                                 
  +----------- Lamprotulini         
  |                                 
  +----------- Gonideini            
  |                                 
  +----------- Pseudodontini        
  |                                 
  +----------- Rectidentini         
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Amblema              
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Toxolasma            
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini         
  |  |                              
  |  |     +-- Obliquaria           
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Plectomerus          
  +--+                              
  |  |  +----- Ellipsaria           
  |  |  |                           
  |  |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon   
  |  |  |                           
  |  |  +----- Medionidus           
  |  |  |                           
  |  |  +----- Potamilus_alatus     
  |  |  |                           
--+  |  +----- Ptychobranchus       
  |  +--+                           
  |     +----- Truncilla            
  |     |                           
  |     +----- Venustaconcha        
  |     |                           
  |     +----- Cambarunio           
  |     |                           
  |     +----- Leaunio              
  |     |                           
  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana          
  |     +--+                        
  |        +-- Lampsilis            
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Anemina              
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Cristaria            
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Brachyanodon         
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |  |                              
  +--+-------- Simpsonaias          
     |                              
     +-------- Strophitus           
     |                              
     +-------- Utterbackia          
     |                              
     +-------- Schistodesmus **        
     |                              
     +-------- Unionina **             
     |                              
     +-------- Aculamprotulina **      
     |                              
     +-------- Lanceolariini        
     |                              
     |     +-- Pletholophus         
     +-----+                        
     |     +-- Sinanodonta          
     |                              
     |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
     |  |                           
     |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
     |  |                           
     +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
        |                           
        +----- Nodularia **            
        |                           
        |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
        +--+                        
           +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 11 3 33 13 4 25.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 11 3 41 15 4 29.0 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                              
--+  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 11 3 35 13 4 25.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.931 11 11 9 3 80 15 4 25.0 
  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |                              
--+           +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 15 15 13 3 58 18 4 23.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 15 15 13 3 58 18 4 25.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 15 15 13 3 53 17 4 23.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.897 11 11 9 3 80 15 4 25.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 23 23 21 3 15 15 4 23.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 20 20 18 3 53 15 4 20.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 30 9 4 29.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.960 7 8 6 3 32 10 4 30.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
  |                           
  |        +-- Acuticostini   
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 46 10 4 27.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 22 22 20 3 73 24 4 24.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.914 22 22 19 3 73 24 4 26.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.971 22 22 19 3 69 24 4 21.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.971 22 22 19 3 69 24 4 21.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 18 18 16 3 35 10 4 22.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 21 21 19 3 20 6 4 23.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 27 27 25 3 58 16 4 21.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 13 13 3 28.0 
  +-------------- Anodontini     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 24 10 3 29.0 
     +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Unionina **       
  |                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 28 11 3 28.5 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 34 12 3 26.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 34 12 3 26.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 13 13 13 3 56 23 3 31.0 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Pletholophus   
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Beringiana     
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Sinanodonta    
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 13 13 14 3 56 23 3 31.0 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Sinanodonta    
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Pletholophus   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Beringiana     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.935 13 13 14 3 56 23 3 31.0 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Sinanodonta    
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Pletholophus   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Beringiana     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 12 16 14 3 6 5 3 34.0 
           +-- Chamberlainiini
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 38 12 3 26.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 11 3 10 8 3 29.0 
  +-------------- Acuticostini   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Anodontini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Unionina **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 14 14 12 3 10 8 3 28.0 
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+              +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +-----------+                         
  |  |           +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Anodontini            
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Unionina **              
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Aculamprotulina **       
              +--+                         
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 14 14 9 3 10 8 3 26.0 
  +----------- Acuticostini          
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
--+  |                               
  |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  |  |                               
  +--+-------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                               
     |  +----- Anodontini            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-- Unionina **              
        |  |                         
        +--+-- Aculamprotulina **       
           |                         
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.970 29 29 27 3 24 22 3 25.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 9 9 7 3 44 9 3 29.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 26 6 2 28.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Acuticostini   
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 4 4 2 3 11 7 2 31.0 
  +-------------- Anodontini     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Nodularia **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 24 11 2 30.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 11 11 8 3 70 18 2 31.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 10 10 8 3 129 18 2 32.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.821 10 10 6 3 129 18 2 34.0 
     +----------- Unionina **            
     |                                
  +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **     
  |  |  |                             
  |  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
  |  +--+                             
  |     +-------- Nodularia **           
  |     |                             
  |     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
--+     +--+                          
  |        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
  |        +--+                       
  |           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
  |                                   
  |     +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |     |                             
  |     +-------- Cristariina         
  +-----+                             
        |  +----- Anodonta_anatina    
        |  |                          
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta       
        +--+                          
           +----- Alasmidontina       
           |                          
           |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea     
           +--+                       
              +-- Brachyanodon

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 10 10 0 3 115 18 2 33.0 
     +-- Unio_crassus **            
     |                           
     +-- Unio_pictorum **           
     |                           
     +-- Unio_tumidus **            
     |                           
     +-- Aculamprotulina **         
     |                           
     +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **    
  +--+                           
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **            
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **     
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae **    
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **   
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **           
  |                              
  |  +-- Alasmidonta             
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina        
--+  |                           
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea         
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Brachyanodon            
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Lasmigona               
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta           
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Pyganodon               
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Simpsonaias             
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Strophitus              
  +--+                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta       
     |                           
     +-- Cristaria_plicata       
     |                           
     +-- Cristaria_radiata       
     |                           
     +-- Pletholophus            
     |                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida      
     |                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi     
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola    
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii      
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_danzhouensis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 3 25 11 2 30.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 3 23 9 2 28.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 18 5 2 31.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 13 17 15 3 4 4 2 35.0 
        +-- Unionina **       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 36 8 2 29.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 17 5 2 31.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.947 5 13 11 3 36 8 2 37.0 
           +-- Gonideini      
  +--------+                  
  |        +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lanceolariini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 3 17 5 2 29.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.952 5 5 3 3 31 14 2 33.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini     
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Anodontini        
--+                           
  |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **         
     +--+                     
        +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 11 3 5 5 2 23.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.964 10 10 8 3 66 16 2 32.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 10 10 8 3 66 16 2 32.0 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 3 26 5 2 31.0 
  +----------- Lanceolariini  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.955 10 11 9 3 26 5 2 31.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Unionina **       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 12 3 33 5 2 24.0 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.944 5 5 3 3 16 7 1 28.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 3 4 2 3 11 1 1 33.0 
        +-- Gonideini      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini   
  |                        
--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 9 9 7 3 33 9 1 29.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.944 6 6 4 3 16 7 1 27.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 5 3 3 2 1 32.0 
  +-------- Anodontini        
--+                           
  |  +----- Unionina **          
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                     
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 3 19 7 1 22.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.966 32 32 30 3 20 18 1 22.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 13 13 11 3 0 0 0 39.0 
  +-------- Unionina **          
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 17 24 22 2 29 15 4 32.0 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 17 17 15 2 30 16 4 25.0 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Sinanodonta    
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Acuticostini   
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini  
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Cristaria      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.565 7 22 5 2 27 15 4 49.0 
     +----- Gonideini                
  +--+                               
  |  |  +-- Lamprotulini             
  |  +--+                            
  |     +-- Chamberlainiini          
  |                                  
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__1
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__2
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1     
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2     
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta        
  |  |                               
--+  +----- Beringiana_japonica      
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_beringiana    
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3  
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2   
  |  |                               
  |  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1    
  +--+                               
     +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2    
     |                               
     +----- Pletholophus             
     |                               
     +----- Anemina                  
     |                               
     +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata   
     |                               
     +----- Cristaria_plicata__3     
     |                               
     +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola     
     |                               
     +----- Sinanodonta_angula       
     |                               
     +----- Lepidodesmini            
     |                               
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **          
     +--+                            
     |  +-- Acuticostini             
     |                               
     |  +-- Cuneopsis **                
     +--+                            
     |  +-- Nodularia **                
     |                               
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **            
     +--+                            
        +-- Inversiunio **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.812 7 11 9 2 14 6 3 33.0 
     +----------- Chamberlainiini        
  +--+                                   
  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii       
  |  +--+                                
  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata     
  |     +--+                             
  |        |  +-- Gibbosula              
--+        +--+                          
  |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae
  |                                      
  |        +----- Aculamprotulina **        
  |     +--+                             
  |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
  |     |  +--+                          
  +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
        |                                
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Lanceolariini          
           +--+                          
              +-- Acuticostini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 3 6 3 2 10 6 3 32.0 
  +----------- Anodontini          
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina **           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.882 8 8 6 2 23 8 3 34.0 
           +----- Lanceolariini        
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-- Acuticostini         
  |        +--+                        
  |           +-- Anodontini           
--+                                    
  |           +-- Schistodesmus **        
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Aculamprotulina **      
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Tchangsinaia **         
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Nodularia **            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
           +--+                        
              +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.882 8 14 19 2 23 8 3 41.0 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.933 11 11 8 2 4 3 3 35.0 
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Unionina **     
  +--+                
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.933 4 10 8 2 13 6 3 37.0 
  +-------------- Gonideini    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionina **     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Globunionina ** 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticostini 
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontini

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.692 5 6 4 2 13 3 2 28.0 
        +-- Lamprotulini   
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Quadrulini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 2 2 0 2 18 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lepidodesmini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
     +--+                
        +-- Unionina **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 4 4 2 2 12 2 2 28.0 
  +----- Lanceolariini  
--+                     
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 4 2 2 13 4 2 31.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 4 2 77 12 2 34.0 
     +-- Unionina **     
  +--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 2 15 5 2 31.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 2 5 5 2 31.0 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
--+                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 54 5 2 30.0 
  +-------- Lanceolariini
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unionina **     
     +--+                
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 54 5 2 30.0 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unionina **     
     +--+                
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 3 4 2 2 31 12 2 30.0 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Aculamprotulina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 19 19 17 2 3 3 2 41.0 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 19 19 17 2 3 3 2 42.0 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.583 2 17 0 2 20 4 1 46.0 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina **    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 7 8 4 2 4 1 1 36.0 
  +-------------- Lamprotulini     
  |                                
--+  +----------- Oxynaiina **        
  |  |                             
  |  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
  +--+        |                    
     |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
     |  |     |                    
     |  |     +-- Anodontini       
     +--+                          
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
        |  |                       
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
        +--+                       
           +----- Unio_mancus **      
           |                       
           |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
           +--+                    
              +-- Unio_crassus **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.571 3 9 7 2 22 6 1 39.0 
                 +-------------- Oxynaiina **       
                 |                               
  +--------------+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |              |  |                            
  |              +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
  |                 |  |                         
  |                 +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
  |                    |  +--+                   
  |                    |  |  +-- Unio_caffer **     
--+                    +--+                      
  |                       |  +-- Anodonta        
  |                       +--+                   
  |                          +-- Alasmidontina   
  |                                              
  |  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini    
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini      
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini       
        |  |                                     
        |  |              +----- Eurynia         
        +--+  +-----------+                      
           |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio      
           |  |           +--+                   
           |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus  
           +--+                                  
              |              +-- Amblemini       
              |  +-----------+                   
              |  |           +-- Pleurobema      
              +--+                               
                 |  +----------- Truncilla       
                 |  |                            
                 +--+        +-- Lampsilis       
                    |  +-----+                   
                    |  |     +-- Epioblasma      
                    +--+                         
                       |  +----- Ligumia         
                       +--+                      
                          |  +-- Obliquaria      
                          +--+                   
                             +-- Ortmanniana

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 2 2 0 2 23 8 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 2 10 0 2 23 8 1 39.0 
     +----- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Gonideini      
  |                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Anodontini

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 10 3 1 29.0 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 10 3 1 29.0 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 5 3 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 5 3 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 10 2 4 3 1 40.0 
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 13 4 1 32.0 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 3 4 0 2 12 1 1 33.0 
  +----- Pleurobemini   
  |                     
  +----- Lampsilini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontini     
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unio_pictorum **  
     |                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.556 3 9 0 2 12 1 1 38.0 
     +-- Hyriini        
     |                  
  +--+-- Velesunio      
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Hyridellini    
  |                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |  |                  
--+  +-- Lamprotula     
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Lampsilini     
  |  |                  
  |  +-- Potomida       
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
     |                  
     +-- Anodontini     
     |                  
     +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
     |                  
     +-- Lamellidentini 
     |                  
     +-- Pleurobemini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.556 3 5 3 2 13 1 1 34.0 
  +-------------- Pleurobemini   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Anodontini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
           +--+                  
              +-- Lamellidentini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 15 18 16 2 8 3 1 34.0 
  +-------- Lamprotulini   
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 26 26 24 2 2 2 1 24.0 
  +----- Lepidodesmini     
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                     
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 10 10 8 2 1 1 1 28.0 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini     
--+                              
  |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **      
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
        +--+                     
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 26 26 24 2 2 2 1 24.0 
  +----- Lepidodesmini     
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                     
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 10

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.867 4 4 2 2 8 8 1 32.0 
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionina **

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.867 4 4 2 2 10 10 1 32.0 
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionina **

Altaba et al., 2025 [Publ 4849], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.714 4 4 2 2 9 9 1 32.0 
  +-------- Anodontini   
  |                      
--+     +-- Unio_mancus **  
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 7 17 15 2 12 10 1 37.0 
  +-------- Lamprotulini   
--+                        
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 12 2 0 0 0 40.0 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 2 0 0 0 32.0 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 27 0 0 -- 
     +-- Lampsilini     
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Indochinellini 
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 5 2 0 0 0 34.0 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 2 2 0 0 34.0 
  +----- Margaritifera     
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                     
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 2 2 0 0 31.0 
  +----- Margaritifera  
--+                     
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 2 29 0 0 30.0 
     +-- Gonideini      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 2 29 0 0 30.0 
     +-- Gonideini      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 2 9 0 0 30.0 
     +-- Gonideini      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini   
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 11 2 0 0 0 37.0 
  +----------- Nodularia **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unionina **     
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 6 6 5 2 0 0 0 36.0 
  +----- Nodularia **
--+               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **
  +--+            
     +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 27.0 
  +-- Aculamprotulina **
--+                  
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 13 13 11 2 2 0 0 29.0 
  +----------------- Lamprotulini          
  |                                        
  |           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
--+  +--------+                            
  |  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
  |  |        +--+                         
  +--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **          
     |  |                                  
     +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
        |  +-----+                         
        |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
              +--+                         
                 +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4827], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 2 4 0 0 30.0 
  +----- Gibbosula      
--+                     
  |  +-- Globunionina **   
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 3 7 5 1 31 11 4 35.0 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.818 3 14 5 1 31 11 4 42.0 
           +-------- Strophitus          
           |                             
           +-------- Schistodesmus **       
           |                             
           +-------- Lepidodesmini       
           |                             
           +-------- Acuticostini        
           |                             
           +-------- Cristariina         
  +--------+                             
  |        +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |        |                             
  |        |     +-- Nodularia **           
  |        +-----+                       
  |        |     +-- Tchangsinaia **        
  |        |                             
  |        |  +----- Utterbackia         
  |        |  |                          
  |        +--+----- Utterbackiana       
--+           |                          
  |           |  +-- Alasmidonta         
  |           +--+                       
  |              +-- Lasmigona           
  |                                      
  |  +-------------- Ptychorhynchus      
  |  |                                   
  |  +-------------- Chamberlainiini     
  |  |                                   
  |  +-------------- Lamprotulini        
  |  |                                   
  +--+-------------- Sinosolenaia        
     |                                   
     |  +----------- Megalonaias         
     |  |                                
     |  |     +----- Elliptoideus        
     |  |  +--+                          
     +--+  |  |  +-- Uniomerus           
        |  |  +--+                       
        |  |     +-- Pleurobema          
        |  |                             
        |  |  +----- Potamilus_fragilis  
        +--+  |                          
           |  +----- Medionidus          
           |  |                          
           |  +----- Amblema             
           |  |                          
           |  |  +-- Obliquaria          
           +--+--+                       
              |  +-- Plectomerus         
              |                          
              |  +-- Villosa             
              |  |                       
              |  +-- Ellipsaria          
              |  |                       
              +--+-- Lampsilis           
                 |                       
                 +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
                 |                       
                 +-- Ptychobranchus

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 8 12 13 1 25 13 4 40.0 
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 7 7 5 1 7 5 3 33.0 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.786 3 3 1 1 15 6 2 33.0 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
  +-------- Anodonta       
  |                        
  +-------- Unionina **       
  |                        
  |     +-- Alasmidontina  
--+-----+                  
  |     +-- Pseudanodonta  
  |                        
  |     +-- Alathyria      
  |     |                  
  |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
  |  |  |                  
  |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Quadrulini     
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Pleurobemini   
        |                  
        +-- Lampsilini

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 5 1 17 9 2 35.0 
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 8 4 2 -- 
  +-- Lanceolariini
--+                
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.895 2 2 0 1 17 15 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 2 3 0 1 10 6 2 33.0 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio **

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 33.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.500 1 1 0 1 18 3 1 -- 
  +-- Elliptio  
  |             
  +-- Fusconaia 
  |             
--+-- Amblemini 
  |             
  +-- Pleurobema
  |             
  +-- Unionina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.600 1 1 0 1 21 4 1 -- 
  +-- Gonideini          
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia        
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
--+-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          
  |                      
  +-- Amblema            
  |                      
  +-- Elliptio           
  |                      
  +-- Fusconaia          
  |                      
  +-- Plectomerus        
  |                      
  +-- Pleurobema         
  |                      
  +-- Unionina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 1 5 3 1 34.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
  +-------- Unionina **    
--+                     
  |  +----- Pleurobemini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Anodontini  
     +--+               
        +-- Lampsilini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 28 6 1 -- 
  +----------- Unionina **    
  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodontini  
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Quadrulini  
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Pleurobemini
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Amblemini   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 2 2 0 1 28 6 1 -- 
  +----------- Unionina **    
  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodontini  
  |  |                     
  +--+     +-- Quadrulini  
     |  +--+               
     |  |  +-- Pleurobemini
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Amblemini   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 2 2 0 1 32 3 1 -- 
  +-------------- Gonideini    
  |                            
  +-------------- Unionina **     
  |                            
--+           +-- Cumberlandia 
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-------- Toxolasma    
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-------- Amblemini    
     |  |                      
     |  |     +-- Glebula      
     |  +-----+                
     +--+     +-- Cyrtonaias   
        |                      
        |     +-- Quadrulini   
        +-----+                
        |     +-- Pleurobemini 
        |                      
        |  +----- Potamilus    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Ortmanniana  
           +--+                
              +-- Ligumia

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
  +-------------- Unionina **               
  |                                      
  |  +----------- Anodontini             
--+  |                                   
  |  |     +----- Mutela                 
  |  |     |                             
  +--+  +--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
     |  |  |  |                          
     |  |  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona    
     |  |     |                          
     +--+     +-- Monocondylaea          
        |                                
        |  +----- Rhipidodontini         
        |  |                             
        |  +----- Echyridella            
        +--+                             
           +----- Lortiella              
           |                             
           |  +-- Castaliini             
           +--+                          
              +-- Velesunio

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 2 5 0 1 29 3 1 35.0 
           +-- Unio_pictorum **
           |                
  +--------+-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |        |                
--+        +-- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |  +-------- Amblemini    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lampsilini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Quadrulini   
        +--+                
           +-- Pleurobemini

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 16 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 2 5 0 1 29 3 1 35.0 
  +-------- Gonideini    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.857 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
  |             
--+-- Anodontini
  |             
  +-- Lampsilini

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 3 0 1 4 3 1 33.0 
  +-- Margaritifera
  |                
--+-- Anodontini   
  |                
  +-- Unionina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 3 1 1 4 3 1 33.0 
  +-- Margaritifera
  |                
--+-- Anodontini   
  |                
  +-- Unionina **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 45 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.762 1 1 0 1 17 17 1 -- 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionina **                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.909 3 3 1 1 10 5 1 33.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 6 1 4 1 1 37.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 1 4 1 1 36.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 45 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 44 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 44 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 3 3 0 1 4 4 1 31.0 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionina **   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 31.0 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 4 4 2 1 5 5 1 34.0 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 31.0 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 4 4 2 1 5 5 1 34.0 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 31.0 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 3 3 1 1 4 4 1 31.0 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionina **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 3 3 1 1 5 5 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 3 3 1 1 5 5 1 31.0 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionina **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 31.0 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.700 3 3 1 1 5 4 1 33.0 
  +-- Anodontini   
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera
  |                
  +-- Unionina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 6 6 4 1 8 3 1 36.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 7 7 6 1 8 3 1 37.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 15 6 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 11 11 9 1 6 3 1 39.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 1 1 0 1 13 6 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 9 9 5 1 8 3 1 37.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 7 4 1 33.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 37 14 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 8 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.625 3 5 3 1 3 2 1 35.0 
  +----------- Margaritifera
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Unio_pictorum **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.625 3 5 3 1 3 2 1 35.0 
  +----------- Margaritifera
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 16 4 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 16 4 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 8 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina **    
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 2 2 0 1 6 6 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina
  |              
  +-- Anodontina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 21 1 1 33.0 
  +-- Acuticostini
--+               
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 16 16 14 1 9 3 1 42.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 20 4 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 23 23 20 1 8 5 1 49.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 23 23 14 1 8 5 1 49.0 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 7 5 1 31.0 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 28 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 44 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 2 2 0 1 33 33 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 15 15 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 33 33 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 10 10 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina **    
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 1 1 0 0 0 34.0 
-- Unio **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Pleurobemini
  |               
--+-- Lampsilini  
  |               
  +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 1 1 0 0 32.0 
  +-- Lamprotulini
--+               
  +-- Unionina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Unionina **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 9 9 6 1 2 0 0 39.0 
  +-- Lamprotulini
--+               
  +-- Unionina **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 1 0 0 33.0 
  +-- Pseudunio
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
  +----- Margaritifera 
  |                    
--+----- Unionina **      
  |                    
  |  +-- Leoparreysiini
  +--+                 
     +-- Coelaturini

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unionina **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Aspatharia   
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina ** 
--+            
  +-- Velesunio

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina **     
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina ** 
--+            
  +-- Velesunio

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unionina **     
  |                   
--+----- Velesunio    
  |                   
  |  +-- Aspatharia   
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina **     
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unionina **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Aspatharia   
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
  +-------------- Unionina **                   
  |                                          
  |  +----------- Margaritifera_margaritifera
--+  |                                       
  |  |     +----- Margaritifera_dahurica__1  
  |  |     |                                 
  |  +-----+----- Margaritifera_dahurica__2  
  +--+     |                                 
     |     |  +-- Pseudunio                  
     |     +--+                              
     |        +-- Cumberlandia               
     |                                       
     |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata      
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis       
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi 
           +--+                              
              +-- Margaritifera_marrianae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
  +-------- Unionina **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina **       
--+                  
  +-- Chamberlainiini

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unionina **      
--+                    
  |  +-- Lampsilini    
  +--+                 
     +-- Indochinellini

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
  +----- Unionina **      
--+                    
  |  +-- Indochinellini
  +--+                 
     +-- Lampsilini

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Lampsilini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Lampsilini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Lampsilini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 4 1 0 0 0 36.0 
-- Unio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 1 2 0 0 36.0 
  +-- Margaritifera
--+                
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 1 3 0 0 35.0 
  +-------- Oxynaiina **     
--+                       
  |  +----- Indochinellini
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Lamellidentini
     +--+                 
        +-- Leoparreysiini

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 31.0 
-- Unio **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
  +-- Margaritifera
--+                
  +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 10 10 8 1 0 0 0 38.0 
-- Unio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 1 0 0 0 35.0 
-- Unio **

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 0 0 0 33.0 
-- Oxynaiina **

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 4 1 1 0 0 35.0 
  +-- Pseudunio
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 4 1 0 0 0 28.0 
-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 14 14 12 1 0 0 0 42.0 
-- Unio **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 13 13 10 1 0 0 0 36.0 
-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 4 0 0 35.0 
  +-- Gonideini
--+            
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 1 0 0 0 37.0 
-- Nodularia **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 1 0 0 0 27.0 
-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 1 1 0 0 30.0 
  +-- Gonideini
--+            
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Prie et al., 2026 [Publ 4818], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 9 1 0 0 0 39.0 
-- Unio **

Lawrie et al., 2026 [Publ 4843], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 -- 
  +----------------------------- Unionina **             
  |                                                   
  |  +-------------------------- Hyridellini          
--+  |                                                
  |  |                       +-- Castaliini           
  |  +-----------------------+                        
  |  |                       +-- Hyriini              
  +--+                                                
     |  +----------------------- Westralunio          
     |  |                                             
     |  |              +-------- Velesunio__6         
     |  |  +-----------+                              
     +--+  |           |  +----- Alathyria_jacksoni__2
        |  |           +--+                           
        |  |              |  +-- Alathyria_profuga    
        |  |              +--+                        
        |  |                 +-- Velesunio_ambiguus   
        +--+                                          
           |        +----------- Velesunio__5         
           |  +-----+                                 
           |  |     |  +-------- Alathyria_pertexta__2
           |  |     +--+                              
           |  |        |  +----- Velesunio__4         
           |  |        +--+                           
           +--+           |  +-- Alathyria_jacksoni__1
              |           +--+                        
              |              +-- Alathyria_pertexta__1
              |                                       
              |  +-------------- Lortiella            
              +--+                                    
                 |  +----------- Velesunio__3         
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +-------- Microdontia          
                    +--+                              
                       |  +----- Velesunio_angasi     
                       +--+                           
                          |  +-- Velesunio__1         
                          +--+                        
                             +-- Velesunio__2