Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe UNIONINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics

5 subtribes

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 92 (114 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 5
analyzed in 261 cladograms in 147 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 49 (mean = 7.66, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 1.89, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 222
maximum number of included terminals = 49, (mean = 8.82 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 2.04, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.85

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 119
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 49 (mean = 12.02, median = 10)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 5 (mean = 2.82, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.79

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Unionini cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Unionini cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 19 5 23 14 4 0 
                                   +-- Anemina               
  +--------------------------------+                         
  |                                +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                          
  |                             +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--------------------------+                            
  |  |                          |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                          +--+                         
  |  |                             +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                                       
     |                             +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +--------------------------+                         
     |  |                          +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                                                    
     +--+  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                                                 
        |  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                                                 
        +--+-------------------------- Cristaria             
           |                                                 
           |  +----------------------- Acuticostini          
           |  |                                              
           |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini         
           +--+                                              
              |  +-------------------- Globunionina **          
              |  |                                           
              +--+  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **       
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
                 +--+  +-----------+                         
                    |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
                    |  |                                     
                    +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
                       |  |                                  
                       |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
                       +--+--------+                         
                          |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                          |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                          +--+                               
                             |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                             +--+                            
                                |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 24 4 94 43 4 26 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                              
--+        +-- Lanceolariini     
  +--------+                     
  |        +-- Anodontini        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Unionina **          
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
49 49 47 4 27 23 3 48 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                 
--+           +-- Lanceolariini     
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Anodontini        
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 3 20 18 1 34 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33 33 31 4 32 30 3 34 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
  |                                 
--+           +-- Acuticostini      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Anodontini        
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unionina **          
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
           +--+                     
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
30 30 28 3 24 22 3 31 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 4 60 15 4 25 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                              
  |        +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                           
     |  +-------- Globunionina **   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28 28 26 3 58 16 4 29 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 2 2 2 1 35 
  +----- Lepidodesmini     
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                     
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26 26 24 2 2 2 1 35 
  +----- Lepidodesmini     
--+                        
  |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                     
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
24 24 22 3 15 15 4 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 14 1 8 5 1 43 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 20 3 69 24 4 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 20 3 69 24 4 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 20 1 8 5 1 43 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 20 3 73 24 4 24 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23 23 21 3 73 24 4 24 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 17 5 23 14 4 6 
                                   +----- Pletholophus      
  +--------------------------------+                        
  |                                |  +-- Sinanodonta       
  |                                +--+                     
  |                                   +-- Beringiana        
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Cristaria         
  |  |                                                      
  |  |                                +-- Alasmidontina     
  |  +--------------------------------+                     
  +--+                                +-- Anodontina        
     |                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Lanceolariini     
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +----------------------------- Lepidodesmini     
        |  |                                                
        +--+  +-------------------------- Acuticostini      
           |  |                                             
           +--+  +----------------------- Globunionina **      
              |  |                                          
              +--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotulina **   
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaiina **
                    |  |                                    
                    +--+  +-------------- Nodularia **         
                       |  |                                 
                       +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
                          |  |                              
                          |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
                          +--+--------+                     
                             |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
                             |                              
                             |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Unionina **          
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Inversiunio **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22 22 20 3 20 6 4 27 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 19 3 53 15 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 21 17 3 180 26 4 25 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
--+  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21 47 24 3 180 26 4 52 
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus **        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina **             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina **      
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia **            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20 20 18 3 179 26 4 27 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lanceolariini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 3 3 2 36 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19 19 17 2 3 3 2 35 
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 3 35 10 4 27 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Anodontini     
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 15 4 23 14 4 6 
  +----------------------- Acuticostini      
  |                                          
  |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini     
--+  |                                       
  |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini     
  |  +-----------------+                     
  +--+                 +-- Anodontini        
     |                                       
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **   
     |  |                                    
     |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+  +-----------+                     
        |  |           +-- Nodularia **         
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Diaurora **          
           +--+--------+                     
              |        +-- Schistodesmus **     
              |                              
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **   
              +--+                           
                 |  +----- Inversiunio **       
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **      
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Unionina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 32 30 4 23 14 4 29 
  +-------------- Globunionina **   
  |                              
  |        +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Acuticostini   
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 15 4 23 14 4 6 
                          +-- Anemina               
  +-----------------------+                         
  |                       +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                 
  |                    +----- Pletholophus          
  |  +-----------------+                            
--+  |                 |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                 +--+                         
  |  |                    +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                                              
  |  |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Acuticostini          
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
     |  |                                           
     +--+-------------------- Cristaria             
        |                                           
        |                 +-- Alasmidontina         
        +-----------------+                         
        |                 +-- Anodontina            
        |                                           
        |  +----------------- Aculamprotulina **       
        |  |                                        
        |  |              +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
        +--+  +-----------+                         
           |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
              |  |                                  
              |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
              +--+--------+                         
                 |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                 |                                  
                 |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                       +--+                         
                          +-- Unionina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18 18 16 4 23 14 4 15 
              +-------- Globunionina **   
  +-----------+                        
  |           |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  |           +--+                     
  |              |  +-- Unionina **       
  |              +--+                  
--+                 +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |                                    
  |  +----------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                                 
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina  
  +--+  +-----------+                  
     |  |           +-- Anodontina     
     |  |                              
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+  +-----+                     
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria      
        |  |     +--+                  
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini  
        +--+                           
           |        +-- Anemina        
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta   
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Pletholophus   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta    
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Beringiana

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 17 15 2 30 16 4 20 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Sinanodonta    
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Acuticostini   
     |  |                           
     +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini  
        |  +-----+                  
        |  |     +-- Cristaria      
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17 23 21 2 28 14 4 26 
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 1 9 3 1 34 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 3 53 17 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 3 58 18 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16 16 14 3 58 18 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15 18 16 2 8 3 1 28 
  +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 9 3 10 8 3 25 
  +----------- Acuticostini          
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
--+  |                               
  |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  |  |                               
  +--+-------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                               
     |  +----- Anodontini            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-- Unionina **              
        |  |                         
        +--+-- Aculamprotulina **       
           |                         
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 30 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 10 8 3 28 
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+              +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +-----------+                         
  |  |           +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Anodontini            
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Unionina **              
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Aculamprotulina **       
              +--+                         
                 +-- Oxynaiina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 10 2 4 3 1 32 
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 32 
1

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 39 19 4 19 
  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
--+  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  +--+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14 14 12 3 35 13 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 2 2 0 0 27 
           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **    
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
           +--+                         
              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 14 3 55 22 3 25 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Sinanodonta    
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Pletholophus   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Beringiana     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 0 0 0 24 
  +-------- Unionina **          
--+                           
  |  +----- Inversiunio **       
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                     
        +-- Nodularia **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 10 8 3 27 
  +-------------- Acuticostini   
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Anodontini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Unionina **       
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 5 5 2 24 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 41 15 4 25 
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                              
--+  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 13 3 55 22 3 25 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Pletholophus   
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Beringiana     
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Sinanodonta    
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 14 3 55 22 3 25 
                       +-- Anemina        
  +--------------------+                  
  |                    +-- Buldowskia     
  |                                       
--+                 +----- Sinanodonta    
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Pletholophus   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Beringiana     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Cristaria      
     |  |                                 
     +--+              +-- Anodontina     
        |  +-----------+                  
        |  |           +-- Alasmidontina  
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Unionina **       
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 10 1 0 0 0 26 
1

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 13 11 3 33 13 4 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13 17 15 3 4 4 2 32 
        +-- Unionina **       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina **      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 21.5 
  +-- Aculamprotulina **
--+                  
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 9 4 10 5 4 27 
  +-------------------- Anodontina        
  |                                       
--+                 +-- Acuticostini      
  |  +--------------+                     
  |  |              +-- Cristariina       
  +--+                                    
     |  +-------------- Lepidodesmini     
     +--+                                 
        |  +----------- Lanceolariini     
        +--+                              
           |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **   
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Unionina **          
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Oxynaiina **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 10 4 44 21 4 26 
     +-------- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                           
  |  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
  |  +--+                        
  |     |  +-- Unionina **          
  |     +--+                     
--+        +-- Oxynaiina **         
  |                              
  |        +-- Lepidodesmini     
  |     +--+                     
  |     |  +-- Lanceolariini     
  +-----+                        
        |  +-- Acuticostini      
        +--+                     
           +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 14 10 4 10 5 4 28 
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina **   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina **          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 16 14 3 6 5 3 29 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |                        
--+     +-- Acuticostini   
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12 12 11 2 0 0 0 24 
  +----------- Nodularia **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unionina **     
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 45 15 4 22 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Unionina **       
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 19 7 1 23 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 2 4 3 3 26 
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Unionina **     
  +--+                
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 13 11 4 3 2 2 31 
  +----------- Unionina **          
  |                              
--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina **
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Oxynaiina **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodontini        
        +--+                     
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 80 15 4 22 
  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |                              
--+           +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Unionina **       
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 6 3 1 31 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 29 
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 80 15 4 22 
  +----------- Acuticostini   
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 8 3 69 17 2 28 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11 11 9 3 29 15 4 24 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Unionina **       
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 30 
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 34 12 3 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 6 3 129 17 2 25 
     +----------- Unionina **            
     |                                
  +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina **     
  |  |  |                             
  |  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
  |  +--+                             
  |     +-------- Nodularia **           
  |     |                             
  |     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
--+     +--+                          
  |        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
  |        +--+                       
  |           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
  |                                   
  |     +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |     |                             
  |     +-------- Cristariina         
  +-----+                             
        |  +----- Anodonta_anatina    
        |  |                          
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta       
        +--+                          
           +----- Alasmidontina       
           |                          
           |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea     
           +--+                       
              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 129 17 2 27 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 66 16 2 27 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 66 16 2 27 
        +-- Lanceolariini  
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 13 13 3 23 
  +-------------- Anodontini     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 38 12 3 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 0 3 115 17 2 23 
     +-- Unio_crassus **         
     |                        
     +-- Unio_pictorum **        
     |                        
     +-- Unio_tumidus **         
     |                        
     +-- Aculamprotulina **      
     |                        
     +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae ** 
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **        
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina     
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 28 11 3 23.5 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 3 34 12 3 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10 10 8 2 1 1 1 26 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini     
--+                              
  |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **      
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
        +--+                     
           +-- Cuneopsis **

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 6 1 2 0 0 29 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 5 1 8 3 1 29 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 33 9 1 23 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9 9 7 3 44 9 3 24 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
--+        +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 23 8 3 23 
           +----- Lanceolariini        
  +--------+                           
  |        |  +-- Acuticostini         
  |        +--+                        
  |           +-- Anodontini           
--+                                    
  |           +-- Schistodesmus **        
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Aculamprotulina **      
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Tchangsinaia **         
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Nodularia **            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
           +--+                        
              +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 3 3 2 1 20 
  +-------- Anodontini        
--+                           
  |  +----- Unionina **          
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
     +--+                     
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 12 13 1 25 13 4 27 
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 28 
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 3 23 9 2 24 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 5 2 0 0 0 22 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 2 2 0 0 24 
  +-- Middendorffinaiina **
--+                     
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 8 6 1 1 0 0 24 
1

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8 14 19 2 23 8 3 29 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 30 9 4 24 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Anodontini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 22 5 2 27 15 4 43 
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **        
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia **              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 25 11 2 22 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 11 9 2 14 6 3 25 
     +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Nodularia **      
  |                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Acuticostini

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 24 10 3 22 
     +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Unionina **       
  |                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticostini   
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 46 10 4 23 
  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                           
  |     +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+  +--+                     
  |  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  |  |  +--+                  
  +--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
     |                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Acuticostini   
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 4 2 4 1 1 27 
  +----------- Oxynaiina **        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontini       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus **      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 7 5 3 23 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 3 0 0 25 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 25 
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 3 24 11 2 22 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 6 1 8 3 1 27 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 23 
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 5 2 2 0 0 19 
  +-- Oxynaiina **      
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 7 6 1 4 1 1 28 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7 8 6 3 32 10 4 25 
  +----------- Anodontini     
  |                           
  |        +-- Acuticostini   
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 8 3 1 26 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 22 
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 22 
  +----- Nodularia **
--+               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **
  +--+            
     +-- Unionina **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 20 
  +-- Oxynaiina **
--+            
  +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 3 16 7 1 18 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 2 0 0 20 
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6 6 4 1 4 1 1 27 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 17 5 2 22 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 17 5 2 24 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 36 8 2 22 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 26 6 2 19 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Acuticostini   
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina **       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 16 7 1 19 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina **       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 7 5 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 15 5 2 21 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 1 1 0 0 26 
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 29 0 0 19 
  +-- Unionina **       
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 31 14 2 23 
        +-- Lanceolariini     
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Anodontini        
--+                           
  |  +----- Middendorffinaiina **
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **         
     +--+                     
        +-- Unionina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 9 0 0 19 
  +-- Unionina **       
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 29 0 0 19 
  +-- Unionina **       
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 1 0 0 25 
1

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 23 
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 1 4 0 0 23 
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 6 4 2 13 3 2 20 
  +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+                     
  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 13 11 3 36 8 2 30 
  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
  |                        
--+     +-- Oxynaiina **      
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 3 18 5 2 24 
  +----------- Anodontini     
--+                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
        +--+                  
           +-- Unionina **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 4 2 78 12 2 24 
     +-- Unionina **     
  +--+                
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5 5 3 2 5 5 2 21 
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
--+                        
  |  +----- Anodontini     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 1 0 0 22 
1

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 12 2 2 20 
  +----- Lanceolariini  
--+                     
  |  +-- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 2 13 4 1 23 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 5 5 1 24 
  +----- Anodonta_anatina
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 5 1 17 9 2 22 
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Oxynaiina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 5 3 1 24 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 3 11 7 2 21 
  +-------------- Anodontini     
--+                              
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Aculamprotulina **
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Nodularia **      
           +--+                  
              +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 2 1 5 5 1 24 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 24 
1

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 6 3 2 10 6 3 23 
  +----------- Anodontini          
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina **           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 1 3 2 1 25 
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 2 2 1 21 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 2 3 11 1 1 24 
     +-- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 20 4 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 21 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 21 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 14 5 1 31 11 4 32 
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 21 
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 4 4 1 21 
        +-- Anodonta_anatina
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionina **        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 5 5 1 21 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 9 0 2 12 1 1 28 
  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Lamellidentini 
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 16 4 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 7 4 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 7 5 1 31 11 4 25 
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 5 4 1 23 
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 2 13 1 1 24 
  +----------- Aculamprotulina **
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamellidentini

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 2 2 13 4 2 20 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 16 4 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 10 5 1 23 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 15 6 2 23 
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 4 3 1 23 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 5 5 1 21 
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionina **        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 9 7 2 22 6 1 28 
  +-------------- Oxynaiina **       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 5 3 1 3 2 1 25 
  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 21 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 0 2 12 1 1 23 
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 54 5 2 22 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unionina **     
     +--+                
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 4 3 1 23 
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 21 1 1 21 
  +-- Acuticostini
--+               
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 2 2 1 23 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 23 
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 1 3 3 1 21 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 0 1 4 4 1 21 
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionina **   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 10 3 1 21 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 4 2 2 31 12 2 21 
  +-------- Anodontini     
--+                        
  |  +----- Oxynaiina **      
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Aculamprotulina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3 3 1 2 54 5 2 22 
  +-------- Lanceolariini
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unionina **     
     +--+                
        +-- Oxynaiina **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 10 8 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina **    
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 3 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 28 6 1 -- 
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 27 0 0 -- 
  +-- Unionina **       
--+                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 10 0 2 23 8 1 28 
  +----- Unionina **       
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Anodontini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 5 3 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Unionina **       
  +--+                  
     +-- Aculamprotulina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 15 15 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 8 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 23 8 1 -- 
  +----- Anodontini     
--+                     
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina **
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 32 3 1 -- 
1

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 8 4 2 -- 
  +-- Lanceolariini
--+                
  +-- Oxynaiina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 28 6 1 -- 
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 1 29 3 1 25 
  +----- Unio_pictorum **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 36 14 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 45 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 6 6 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina
  |              
  +-- Anodontina

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 17 15 2 -- 
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionina **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 3 0 1 10 6 2 21 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 16 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 33 33 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 44 4 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 5 0 1 29 3 1 25 
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  |                
--+-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 34 2 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 29 3 1 -- 
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 1 28 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 2 0 2 18 7 2 -- 
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lepidodesmini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Oxynaiina **    
     +--+                
        +-- Unionina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2 17 0 2 20 4 1 35 
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina **    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 3 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 3 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 16 1 1 -- 
-- Unio **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 9 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 11 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 -- 
-- Unio **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 39 2 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 2 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_tumidus **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 30 28 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 21 4 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 15 6 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 27 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 18 3 1 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 17 17 1 -- 
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea        
  |                                         
  +----------------- Pyganodon              
  |                                         
  +----------------- Alasminota             
  |                                         
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina       
  |                                         
  +----------------- Unionina **               
  |                                         
  +----------------- Cristariina            
  |                                         
  |              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana   
--+--------------+                          
  |              +-- Anodonta_californiensis
  |                                         
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus       
  |              |                          
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta            
  |              |                          
  |              +-- Pterosyna              
  |                                         
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta          
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +----- Strophitus             
  |  +--------+                             
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta          
     |        +--+                          
     |           +-- Platynaias             
     |                                      
     |  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis__4
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Anodonta_oregonensis__3
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Anodonta_oregonensis__2
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis__1
              +--+                          
                 +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 4 0 0 -- 
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 10 1 1 -- 
  +-- Unionina **  
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 13 6 1 -- 
  +-- Oxynaiina ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1 1 0 1 45 1 1 -- 
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unionina **