species Cambarunio iris (Lea, 1829): synonymy

Unio iris Lea, 1829

Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 439, pl. 11, fig. 18.
SYNTYPES USNM_86035, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) iris — Call (1900)
Lampsilis iris — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Eurynia (Micromya) iris — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Unio iris — de Gregorio (1914)
Micromya iris — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Burch (1975), Gordon et al. (1979), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Mackie et al. (1980), ... Bolotov et al. (2020), Inoue et al. (2020), Klymus et al. (2020), Gasparini et al. (2020), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022)
“Villosa iris” ** — Campbell et al. (2005), Zanatta & Murphy (2006)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018), Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio obscurus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 26. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 7, pl. 3, fig. 7.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85128, Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) obscurus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. subrostrata) obscura — Simpson (1914)
Unio obscurus — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Micromya nebulosa — Ortmann (1924)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Unio zeiglerianus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 26. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 32, pl. 10, fig. 27.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85130, Cumberland R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) obscurus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. subrostrata) obscura — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) zeigleriana — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia zeigleriana — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Unio creperus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 28. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 33, pl. 10, fig. 28.
HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_85264, Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio glaber Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 29. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 34, pl. 10, fig. 29.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85266, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Unio glaber, aff. — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio novieboraci Lea, 1838

Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 104, pl. 24, fig. 114 [as ‘novi-eboraci’].
LECTOTYPE USNM_86042 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 100), Oak Orchard Cr., N.Y.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Micromya iris — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia (Micromya) iris novieboraci — F.C. Baker (1928)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio tener Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 198, pl. 10, fig. 10.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85026, Big Pigeon R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) tener — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) tenera — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) tenera — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia tenera — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio amoenus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286 [as ‘amœnus’].
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 200, pl. 10, fig. 12 [as ‘amœnus’].
HOLOTYPE USNM_85070, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) amœnus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) amœna — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio fatuus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 287.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 201, pl. 11, fig. 14.
HOLOTYPE USNM_86047, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) fatuus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) fatua — Simpson (1914)
Unio fatuus, var. — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio regularis Lea, 1841

Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 82.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 243, pl. 25, fig. 59.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85067, French Broad River, E Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) tener — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) tenera — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) tenera — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia tenera — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio puniceus Haldeman, 1842

Haldeman, 1842. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 201.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) puniceus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. subrostrata) punicea — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio zieglerianus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio zeiglerianus Lea, 1838)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 193.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 260.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 45.

Unio scitulus Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 93.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 42, pl. 55, fig. 167.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85084, Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Micromya nebulosa — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio perpictus Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 306.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 350, pl. 58, fig. 175.
HOLOTYPE USNM_85034, Bull R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio cressurus Binney, 1864

(error for Unio cresserus Hanley, 1843)
Binney, 1864. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (174): 57.

Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)

Unio subrostratus Reeve, 1864

(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831; error for Unio patulus Lea, 1829)
‘Say’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 17, sp. 78; errata [changed to ‘U. patulus Lea’].

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)

Unio opalinus J.G. Anthony, 1866

J.G. Anthony, 1866. Amer. J. Conch. 2(2): 146, pl. 7, fig. 2.
HOLOTYPE MCZ_161893, Michigan.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) fasciata-opalina — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia siliquoidea siliquoidea — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio dispansus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 191.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 19 [23], pl. 6, fig. 16.
FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85094, E Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vanuxemensis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. subrostrata) vanuxemensis — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

(misidentified reference to Unio (Leptodea) nervosa Rafinesque, 1820)
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 77, sp. 336.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 445.

Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio cresserus Hanley, 1843

(error for Unio creperus Lea, 1838)
‘Lea’ Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 196.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio radiatus De Kay, 1843

(misidentified reference to Mya radiata Gmelin, 1791)
‘Gmelin’ De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 189, pl. 18. fig. 236.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio amaenus Lea, 1852

(error for Unio amoenus Lea, 1840)
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 29 [as ‘amænus’].
‘Lea’ Hanley, 1856. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 386 [as ‘amænus’].

Unio subrostratus Küster, 1861

(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831)
‘Say’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 203, pl. 67, fig. 3.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio subrostratus Küster, 1861

(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831)
‘Say’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 203, pl. 68, fig. 1.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) subrostratus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) (Group of L. iris) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)