species Cambarunio iris (Lea, 1829): synonymy

Unio iris Lea, 1829

Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 439, pl. 11, fig. 18.
Type(s): SYNTYPES USNM_86035, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) iris — Call (1900)
Lampsilis iris — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Eurynia (Micromya) iris — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Unio iris — de Gregorio (1914)
Micromya iris — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Burch (1975), Gordon et al. (1979), Mathiak (1979), R.I. Johnson (1980), Mackie et al. (1980), ... Bolotov et al. (2020), Inoue et al. (2020), Klymus et al. (2020), Gasparini et al. (2020), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018), Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025)

Unio creperus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 28. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 33, pl. 10, fig. 28.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_85264, Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio glaber Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 29. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 34, pl. 10, fig. 29.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85266, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Unio glaber, aff. — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio novieboraci Lea, 1838

Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 104, pl. 24, fig. 114 [as ‘novi-eboraci’].
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_86042 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 100), Oak Orchard Cr., N.Y.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Micromya iris — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia (Micromya) iris novieboraci — F.C. Baker (1928)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio obscurus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 26. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 7, pl. 3, fig. 7.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85128, Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) obscurus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) obscura — Simpson (1914)
Unio obscurus — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Micromya nebulosa — Ortmann (1924)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Unio zeiglerianus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 26. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 32, pl. 10, fig. 27.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85130, Cumberland R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) obscurus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) obscura — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) zeigleriana — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia zeigleriana — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Unio amoenus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286 [as ‘amœnus’].
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 200, pl. 10, fig. 12 [as ‘amœnus’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85070, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) amœnus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) amoena — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio fatuus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 287.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 201, pl. 11, fig. 14.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86047, Holston R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) fatuus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) fatua — Simpson (1914)
Unio fatuus, var. — de Gregorio (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio tener Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 198, pl. 10, fig. 10.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85026, Big Pigeon R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) tener — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) tenera — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) tenera — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia tenera — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio regularis Lea, 1841

Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 82.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 243, pl. 25, fig. 59.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85067, French Broad River, E Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) tener — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) tenera — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) tenera — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia tenera — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio puniceus Haldeman, 1842

Haldeman, 1842. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 201.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) puniceus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) punicea — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio zieglerianus ‘Lea’ of Authors

‘Lea’ of Authors.
Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 193.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 260.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 45.
(error for Unio zeiglerianus Lea, 1838)

Unio perpictus Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 306.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 350, pl. 58, fig. 175.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85034, Bull R., Tenn.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio scitulus Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 93.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 42, pl. 55, fig. 167.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85084, Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) nebulosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Micromya nebulosa — Ortmann (1925)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia nebulosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa nebulosa — Burch (1975)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio cressurus Binney, 1864

Binney, 1864. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (174): 57.
(error for Unio cresserus Hanley, 1843)

Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)

Unio subrostratus Reeve, 1864

‘Say’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 17, sp. 78; errata [changed to ‘U. patulus Lea’].
(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831; error for Unio patulus Lea, 1829)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa — Frierson (1927)

Unio opalinus J.G. Anthony, 1866

J.G. Anthony, 1866. Amer. J. Conch. 2(2): 146, pl. 7, fig. 2.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE MCZ_161893, Michigan.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) fasciata-opalina — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia siliquoidea siliquoidea — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio dispansus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 191.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 19 [23], pl. 6, fig. 16.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85094, E Tennessee.

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) vanuxemensis — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) vanuxemensis — Simpson (1914)
Eurynia nebulosus — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) vanuxemensis — Frierson (1927)
Ligumia vanuxemensis — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Leaunio vanuxemensis — Watters (2018)

Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa ‘Rafinesque’ of Authors

‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 77, sp. 336.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 445.
(misidentified reference to Unio (Leptodea) nervosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
Cambarunio iris — Watters (2018)

Unio cresserus Hanley, 1843

‘Lea’ Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 196.
(error for Unio creperus Lea, 1838)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Ligumia nervosa — Haas (1969)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio radiatus De Kay, 1843

‘Gmelin’ De Kay, 1843. Zool. New York 5: 189, pl. 18. fig. 236.
(misidentified reference to Mya radiata Gmelin, 1791)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Villosa iris — Oesch (1984), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)

Unio amaenus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 29 [as ‘amænus’].
‘Lea’ Hanley, 1856. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 386 [as ‘amænus’].
(error for Unio amoenus Lea, 1840)

Unio subrostratus Küster, 1861

‘Say’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 203, pl. 67, fig. 3.
(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) iris — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Ligumia) nebulosa — Frierson (1927)
Villosa iris — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio subrostratus Küster, 1861

‘Say’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 203, pl. 68, fig. 1.
(misidentified reference to Unio subrostratus Say, 1831)

Lampsilis (sec. Eurynia) subrostratus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (Eurynia) nebulosa — Simpson (1914)